Small square brass plates set in the pavement remember Jewish residents of Berlin's Lichtenberg district who were torn from their homes and killed by the Nazis decades ago. Nearby, the charred remains of a Jewish-run bar destroyed by arson last month attest to a hatred that still burns among far-right extremists.
The attack on the bar named Morgen Wird Besser, which in English means Tomorrow Will Be Better, underscores the findings of a victim support group that anti-Semitism remains in Germany's capital 75 years after World War II ended.
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Small square brass plates set in the pavement remember Jewish residents of Berlin's Lichtenberg district who were torn from their homes and killed by the Nazis decades ago. Nearby, the charred remains of a Jewish-run bar destroyed by arson last month attest to a hatred that still burns among far-right extremists.
The report's publication comes amid nationwide concern that intensified in October after an armed man tried to force his way into a synagogue in central German city of Halle on Judaism’s holiest day, Yom Kippur, then fatally shot two people nearby. The suspect posted an anti-Jewish screed online before the attack.
A national report issued in May showed anti-Semitic crimes in Germany last year reached their highest level since the country started keeping records.
The words “Jew! Hate! J.H.” were sprayed outside a Jewish-owned business in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough and a swastika was etched into the glass of a restaurant in Schöneberg. In Kreuzberg, 10 “Stolpersteine” - brass memorial plates like the ones near the Lichtenberg bar - were painted black.
“I’ve been observing right-wing extremism for more than 20 years across the whole country, and the situation has become far worse than it was 20 years ago. It has been deteriorating constantly,” Salomon said.
The latest threat came the Monday before the arson, when an anonymous caller told the bar owner he wasn’t wanted in the neighborhood. Someone then smashed a window in and set a couch inside on fire, leading to the almost complete destruction of the bar on Aug. 14.
His group has also tracked threats against individuals involved in fighting anti-Semitism. The mayor of Lichtenberg reported being on an “enemy list” drawn up by right-wing extremists. A prominent Turkish-born local politician said she received threats from neo-Nazis.
In a report released Tuesday, the Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS, documented 410 incidents - more than two a day - during the first half of 2020. The group's count of anti-Semitic acts included six physical attacks, 25 cases of property damage, 20 threats, 58 examples of anti-Semitic propaganda and 301 examples of malicious behavior such as giving the stiff-armed Nazi salute.
Tables and chairs stand in the burned out Jewish-run bar 'Morgen wird Besser' (Morning will be better) in Berlin, Germany, Friday, Aug. 21, 2020. The Jewish-run bar was destroyed in an arson attack on Friday, Aug. 14, 2020. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber)
The report's publication comes amid nationwide concern that intensified in October after an armed man tried to force his way into a synagogue in central German city of Halle on Judaism’s holiest day, Yom Kippur, then fatally shot two people nearby. The suspect posted an anti-Jewish screed online before the attack.
Chancellor Angela Merkel last week decried how anti-Semitism had become “more visible and uninhibited.”
“ It is a disgrace, and it shames me deeply,” Merkel said.
-File- In this Wednesday, April 25, 2018 file photo, a man wears a Jewish skullcap, as he attends a demonstration against an anti-Semitic attack in Berlin. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber, File)
A national report issued in May showed anti-Semitic crimes in Germany last year reached their highest level since the country started keeping records.
The Interior Ministry reported a 13% increase in anti-Semitic crimes to 2,032, more than 93% of which were attributed to the far right. Anti-Muslim crimes also rose 4.4% to 950, more than 90% of them committed by alleged far-right perpetrators.
The report issued Tuesday highlights a number of recent cases in Berlin. Graves were desecrated at a Jewish cemetery in Pankow, a borough where a man interrupted a woman speaking Hebrew on her phone with a Nazi salute and a shout of “Heil Hitler!”
- File- In this Tuesday, Jan. 27, 2015 fill photo, flowers lie on a concrete slab of the Holocaust Memorial to mark the International Holocaust Remembrance Day and commemorating the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi Auschwitz death camp in Berlin. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber, File)
The words “Jew! Hate! J.H.” were sprayed outside a Jewish-owned business in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough and a swastika was etched into the glass of a restaurant in Schöneberg. In Kreuzberg, 10 “Stolpersteine” - brass memorial plates like the ones near the Lichtenberg bar - were painted black.
“Despite the massive restrictions on public life to contain the COVID-19 pandemic since March 17, the number of anti-Semitic incidences was just under the level for the first half of 2019,” said RIAS, which documented 458 incidents for the same period last year.
The head of Germany’s Central Council of Jews, said last week the pandemic is acting as a “catalyzer,” with anti-Semitic conspiracy theories circulating online. But Levi Salomon, of the Jewish Forum for Democracy and Against Anti-Semitism, told The Associated Press the problem has been growing for a long time and become a “huge, huge” issue - not only in Berlin.
File - In this Monday, Jan. 20, 2020 fill photo a man visits the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin, Germany. The memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust with a total of 2711 concrete slabs designed by U.S. architect Peter Eisenman was inaugurated on May 10, 2005. A new report documenting anti-Semitism in Berlin reveals that little progress has been made in combatting the problem in the German capital.The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMichael Sohn, file)
“I’ve been observing right-wing extremism for more than 20 years across the whole country, and the situation has become far worse than it was 20 years ago. It has been deteriorating constantly,” Salomon said.
The owner of the bar in Lichtenberg, for example, had been receiving threats since he first opened a Jewish restaurant in the area in 2012. He later converted it to a bar.
He declined to speak with the AP for fear of attracting more attention but told Salomon’s group that neo-Nazis entered his bar and smashed bottles inside in early 2019. The year before, he said, they insulted him as a “dirty Jew” and said they would drive him out of the premises. Anti-Semitic slogans were scrawled outside the pub, presumably by the same agitators.
The remains of a lamp stand in the burned out Jewish-run bar 'Morgen wird Besser' (Morning will be better) in Berlin, Germany, Friday, Aug. 21, 2020. The Jewish-run bar was destroyed in an arson attack on Friday, Aug. 14, 2020. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber)
The latest threat came the Monday before the arson, when an anonymous caller told the bar owner he wasn’t wanted in the neighborhood. Someone then smashed a window in and set a couch inside on fire, leading to the almost complete destruction of the bar on Aug. 14.
A crude Star of David also was scratched into the door, as were the numbers 2 and 8, an apparent reference to the “Blood and Honor” neo-Nazi network, the owner reported.
Lichtenberg has “a very active right-wing/far-right scene which had been very much aware of the fact that the owner of this bar was Jewish,” RIAS researcher Alexander Rasumny of RIAS said.
The New Synagogue, the Centrum Judicum is seen from the TV tower in Berlin , Germany, Thursday, Sept. 10, 2020. A new report documenting anti-Semitism in Berlin reveals that little progress has been made in combatting the problem in the German capital. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber)
His group has also tracked threats against individuals involved in fighting anti-Semitism. The mayor of Lichtenberg reported being on an “enemy list” drawn up by right-wing extremists. A prominent Turkish-born local politician said she received threats from neo-Nazis.
However, hundreds of local residents and others rallied against anti-Semitism outside the bar shortly after the fire. Some held signs with slogans such as “No place for Nazis!” and “No place for extremism.”
Following last year’s attack in Halle, Interior Minister Horst Seehofer warned that far-right extremism poses a growing threat in Germany. Since then, authorities have banned several neo-Nazi groups and carried out extensive raids.
-File- In this Sunday, Jan. 27, 2019 file photo a man walks through the gate of the Sachsenhausen Nazi death camp with the phrase 'Arbeit macht frei' (work sets you free) at the International Holocaust Remembrance Day, in Oranienburg, about 30 kilometers, (18 miles) north of Berlin, Germany. The Department for Research and Information on Anti-Semitism Berlin, or RIAS documented 410 incidents in Berlin, more than two a day, in the first half of 2020, including physical attacks, property damage, threats, harmful behavior and anti-Semitic propaganda. (AP PhotoMarkus Schreiber, file)
But Seehofer has thus far resisted calls to initiate a study on police racism after multiple incidents in the last year involving extremism among officers.
Calls for such a study grew stronger last week after more than two dozen officers in western Germany were suspended on suspicion of sharing far-right propaganda in WhatsApp groups. Officials said the chats contained “the most foul and repugnant neo-Nazi, racist and anti-refugee agitation.”
In response to the concerns in Berlin, the state prosecutors’ office earlier this month announced a new department focused on hate crimes.
Prosecutor Ines Karl, who will head the department, said it will open direct contacts with victim and support groups, provide more transparency of police work, and win back trust in the justice system.
No additional staff members are being hired, however.
The Jewish Forum for Democracy and Against Anti-Semitism's Salomon said more investment is needed to help fight anti-Semitism.
“As long as that doesn’t happen, we’re going to really have problems,” Salomon said.