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Neglected heartland seen as key to Brexit-dominated election

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Neglected heartland seen as key to Brexit-dominated election
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Neglected heartland seen as key to Brexit-dominated election

2019-11-13 15:13 Last Updated At:15:21

Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office.

The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London.

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Workers on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 are backdropped by the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office.

A British Union flag flutters in the breeze boats line the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Tom O'Grady is a lecturer in political science at University College London. He says Conservatives need to win seats like Hartlepool to compensate for the likely loss of pro-EU areas.

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage smiles as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage smiles as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage speaks during an event as part of the General Election campaign trail, in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage speaks during an event as part of the General Election campaign trail, in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Fishermen arrange crabs after their boat returned from a fishing trip to the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Fishermen, who rail against the EU's quotas and red tape, are among the staunchest supporters of leaving the bloc. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Fishermen arrange crabs after their boat returned from a fishing trip to the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Fishermen, who rail against the EU's quotas and red tape, are among the staunchest supporters of leaving the bloc. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An employee walks past stored kegs of beer at Camerons Brewery in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An employee walks past stored kegs of beer at Camerons Brewery in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Labour candidate for Hartlepool Mike Hill, center, speaks to residents as he campaigns in residential areas in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Labour candidate for Hartlepool Mike Hill, center, speaks to residents as he campaigns in residential areas in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People talk at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People talk at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An article critical of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn is displayed as people play bingo at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An article critical of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn is displayed as people play bingo at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The Labour campaign team plan their tour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The Labour campaign team plan their tour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A view of the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A view of the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People walk their dogs on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 with the backdrop of the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Britain's political parties are battling to Hartlepool and place like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People walk their dogs on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 with the backdrop of the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Britain's political parties are battling to Hartlepool and place like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party's chairman and its candidate in Hartlepool speaks as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Tice argues that backing the Conservatives here is "a wasted vote." Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party's chairman and its candidate in Hartlepool speaks as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Tice argues that backing the Conservatives here is "a wasted vote." Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A woman walks past a dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A woman walks past a dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The mast of HMS Trincomalee, the oldest warship still afloat in Europe, rises above the rooftops in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The mast of HMS Trincomalee, the oldest warship still afloat in Europe, rises above the rooftops in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An offshore wind farm is visible from the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An offshore wind farm is visible from the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A wishing well, sculpted as a monkey at the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Legend has it that during the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, a shipwrecked monkey was hanged by the people of Hartlepool, believing him to be a French spy. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A wishing well, sculpted as a monkey at the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Legend has it that during the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, a shipwrecked monkey was hanged by the people of Hartlepool, believing him to be a French spy. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of the town's voters backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member. And loyalty to Labour has been eroded by the gridlock.

Workers on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 are backdropped by the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Workers on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 are backdropped by the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Tom O'Grady is a lecturer in political science at University College London. He says Conservatives need to win seats like Hartlepool to compensate for the likely loss of pro-EU areas.

A British Union flag flutters in the breeze boats line the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A British Union flag flutters in the breeze boats line the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling to win working-class former industrial towns, where voters could hold the key to the prime minister's office. The English port town of Hartlepool is an example. People there have long felt ignored by politicians in far-off London. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage smiles as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage smiles as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage speaks during an event as part of the General Election campaign trail, in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Brexit party leader Nigel Farage speaks during an event as part of the General Election campaign trail, in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. More than three years later, the U.K. is still an EU member, and loyalty to Labour has been eroded by frustration. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Fishermen arrange crabs after their boat returned from a fishing trip to the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Fishermen, who rail against the EU's quotas and red tape, are among the staunchest supporters of leaving the bloc. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Fishermen arrange crabs after their boat returned from a fishing trip to the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Fishermen, who rail against the EU's quotas and red tape, are among the staunchest supporters of leaving the bloc. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An old decommissioned oil platform sits on land where it is being demolished in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Once-bustling shipyards are closed, though rusting hulks are reduced to scrap at a site just outside town. Most of the steelworks that once employed thousands shut down in the 1970s and 1980s. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An employee walks past stored kegs of beer at Camerons Brewery in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An employee walks past stored kegs of beer at Camerons Brewery in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Labour candidate for Hartlepool Mike Hill, center, speaks to residents as he campaigns in residential areas in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Labour candidate for Hartlepool Mike Hill, center, speaks to residents as he campaigns in residential areas in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People talk at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People talk at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An article critical of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn is displayed as people play bingo at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An article critical of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn is displayed as people play bingo at the Hartlepool Working Men's club in Hartlepool, England, Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The Labour campaign team plan their tour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The Labour campaign team plan their tour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A view of the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A view of the harbour in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People walk their dogs on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 with the backdrop of the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Britain's political parties are battling to Hartlepool and place like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

People walk their dogs on the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 with the backdrop of the Redcar steel plant that was shut down in 2015 and will be demolished. Britain's political parties are battling to Hartlepool and place like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party's chairman and its candidate in Hartlepool speaks as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Tice argues that backing the Conservatives here is "a wasted vote." Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

Richard Tice, the Brexit Party's chairman and its candidate in Hartlepool speaks as he campaigns in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Tice argues that backing the Conservatives here is "a wasted vote." Hartlepool has elected lawmakers from the left-of-center Labour Party for more than half a century. But in 2016, almost 70% of voters here backed leaving the European Union. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A woman walks past a dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A woman walks past a dilapidated former public house boarded up on the high street in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Political parties in Britain's Brexit-dominated December election are battling fiercely to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns with voters who could hold the key to the prime minister's office at 10 Downing Street. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The mast of HMS Trincomalee, the oldest warship still afloat in Europe, rises above the rooftops in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

The mast of HMS Trincomalee, the oldest warship still afloat in Europe, rises above the rooftops in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Hartlepool, a former shipbuilding center 250 miles (400 kms) north of London where unemployment is more than double the national average, is a town full of leavers. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An offshore wind farm is visible from the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

An offshore wind farm is visible from the beach in Hartlepool, England, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office.(AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A wishing well, sculpted as a monkey at the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Legend has it that during the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, a shipwrecked monkey was hanged by the people of Hartlepool, believing him to be a French spy. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

A wishing well, sculpted as a monkey at the Marina in Hartlepool, England, Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Legend has it that during the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, a shipwrecked monkey was hanged by the people of Hartlepool, believing him to be a French spy. Britain's political parties are battling to win Hartlepool and places like it: working-class former industrial towns whose voters could hold the key to 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's office. (AP PhotoFrank Augstein)

PARIS (AP) — French President Emmanuel Macron warned Thursday that Europe could “die” if it fails to build its own robust defense as Russia’s war in Ukraine rages on, or if it fails to undertake major trade and economic reforms to compete with China and the U.S.

Macron urged Europeans to become more ambitious in a fast-changing world to face the challenges of war, fierce trade competition, energy scarcity, climate change and increasing authoritarianism.

In a nearly two-hour speech at Sorbonne University in Paris, Macron said that the continent is divided and “too slow and lacks ambition” at a time when the 27-member European Union needs to become a superpower, defend its own borders and speak with one voice if it wants to survive and thrive.

“Our Europe today is mortal,” Macron said. “It can die and that depends solely on our choices,” he added. He called on people to make those choices now because, “it’s today that Europe is between war and peace.”

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, now in its third year, is an existential threat and Europe isn't armed enough to defend itself when “confronted by a power like Russia that has no inhibitions, no limits,” Macron said.

‘Our ability to ensure our security is at stake," Macron said. “Russia mustn’t be allowed to win.”

Europe now has the “good fortune” of having the Biden administration’s commitment to supporting Ukraine, Macron said. But, in a year of key elections around Europe, in the U.S. and elsewhere, support may fragment or disappear entirely, he added.

“Europe must become capable of defending its interests, with its allies by our side whenever they are willing, and alone if necessary,” Macron said.

Strong armies, a European rapid intervention program and force, tanks, a missile shield and other weapons, produced in Europe, will need the support of “a joint diplomatic force that will speak with one voice and build bridges with Africa and Latin America,” the French leader said.

“Only then will Europe show that it's not a United States’ lap dog, and that it also knows how to talk to other regions of the world,” he said.

France has been a firm supporter of Ukraine in its fight against Russian aggression, and Macron has often clashed with other Western leaders as he has insisted that Europe must stand by the country at any cost. The French president alarmed European leaders by saying recently that sending Western troops into Ukraine to shore up its defenses shouldn’t be ruled out.

Referring to trade practices of China and the U.S., Macron said “the two world powers have decided not to respect the rules of global trade” by shoring up protections and subsides while Europe’s industry remains open and is stuck in overregulation.

“Let’s do the same, we are in competition,” Macron said.

“We must buy faster, we must produce more and we must buy more that is made in Europe. That is key,” Macron said.

Thursday's speech came less than two months before a pivotal European Parliament election.

Macron, an avid advocate of a united and assertive Europe, also rallied support for his centrist Renaissance party before the June 6-9 vote as far-right parties lead the moderate coalitions in the polls. He called for safeguarding democratic values as the “authoritarian model” was becoming “more popular” across the continent.

The war in Ukraine and immigration are top priorities for European Union voters, according to polls. Far-right parties have gained support by criticizing Macron’s government policies on both issues. Macron acknowledged divisions on immigration policies, including on asylum and deportation rules for those who have arrived to Europe illegally.

He emphasized the need for an effective response and Europe-wide coordination for curbing illegal immigration, closer cooperation with immigrants' countries of origin and a unified, relentless fight against human traffickers.

Macron criticized the idea of striking an agreement, as Britain as done, with countries in Africa and elsewhere to transfer immigrants there.

“This is a betrayal of our values that ultimately leads us to dependency on other counties,” Macron said.

The British government earlier this week approved a law allowing the deportation of some migrants who enter the country illegally to Rwanda.

Macron lost his majority in France’s most influential house of parliament, the National Assembly, after the 2022 election to the far-left coalition and the far-right National Rally party.

The social situation in France remains tense as Paris prepares to host the Olympic Games this summer, amid protests from teachers and police officers, and farmer demonstrations in recent weeks. The protests follow huge rallies last year against Macron’s ultimately successful proposal to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64.

Barbara Surk reported from Nice, France. Lorne Cook contributed to this report from Brussels.

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron arrives to deliver a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron arrives to deliver a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron delivers a speech on Europe in the amphitheater of the Sorbonne University, Thursday, April 25 in Paris. 2024. French President Emmanuel Macron will outline his vision for Europe as a more assertive global power at the backdrop of war in Ukraine, security, and economic challenges in a speech ahead of pivotal election for the European Parliament in June. (Christophe Petit Tesson, Pool via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron speaks during a media conference at an EU summit in Brussels, Thursday, April 18, 2024. European Union leaders on Wednesday debated a new "European Competitiveness Deal" aimed at helping the 27-nation bloc close the gap with Chinese and American rivals amid fears the region's industries will otherwise be left behind for good. (AP Photo/Omar Havana)

French President Emmanuel Macron speaks during a media conference at an EU summit in Brussels, Thursday, April 18, 2024. European Union leaders on Wednesday debated a new "European Competitiveness Deal" aimed at helping the 27-nation bloc close the gap with Chinese and American rivals amid fears the region's industries will otherwise be left behind for good. (AP Photo/Omar Havana)

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