For years Romi Jan’s mornings would begin with the plaintive call to prayer that rang out from the central mosque in disputed Kashmir’s largest city. The voice soothed her soul and made her feel closer to God.
Not anymore. For nearly four months now, the voice that would call out five times a day from the minarets of the Jamia Masjid and echo across Srinagar has been silent, a result of India’s ongoing security operations in this Muslim-majority region.
Click to Gallery
For years Romi Jan’s mornings would begin with the plaintive call to prayer that rang out from the central mosque in disputed Kashmir’s largest city. The voice soothed her soul and made her feel closer to God.
Already one of the most militarized places in the world, last summer India began pouring more troops into its side of Kashmir, which is divided between India and Pakistan and claimed by both in its entirety. It implemented a security lockdown in which it pressed harsh curbs on civil rights, arrested thousands of people, blocked internet and phone service, and shuttered important mosques.
The centuries-old Jamia Masjid, made of brick and wood, is one of the oldest in this city of 1.2 million, where 96% of people are Muslim. When it’s open, thousands of people congregate there for prayers.
Now, when her kids ask why they can’t go to the mosque, she draws a blank face.
Authorities have banned prayers at the mosque for extended periods during unrest in 2008, 2010 and 2016. Official data show the mosque was closed at least 250 days in those three years combined.
A top police officer in the city, speaking on condition of anonymity in keeping with department policy, said authorities decided the mosque could reopen last month for Friday prayers but mosque officials refused.
Freedom of religion is enshrined in India’s constitution, allowing citizens to follow and freely practice religion. The constitution also says the state will not “discriminate, patronize or meddle in the profession of any religion.”
In August, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation raised concerns about India's lockdown in Kashmir and called for authorities to ensure that Kashmiri Muslims could exercise their religious rights.
Last month, during the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of the Prophet Muhammad, authorities blocked all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered Muslim shrine. Only a few hundred devotees were allowed to pray there — far fewer than the tens of thousands the event has been known to draw.
“It no way augers well for any peace,” he said. “Whether it triggers further radicalization or not, it definitely infuriates people about the safety and security of their faith. It can also snowball into a mass mobilization against the state.”
“They have not only violated constitution,” he said, “but also invited wrath of the divine power.”
“The mosque closure is a relentless agony for me and my family,” Jan said. “I can’t tolerate it, but I am helpless.”
In this Nov. 9, 2019 photo, a Kashmiri man feeds pigeons outside the Hazratbal shrine on the outskirts of Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
Already one of the most militarized places in the world, last summer India began pouring more troops into its side of Kashmir, which is divided between India and Pakistan and claimed by both in its entirety. It implemented a security lockdown in which it pressed harsh curbs on civil rights, arrested thousands of people, blocked internet and phone service, and shuttered important mosques.
All of this was laying the groundwork for the Hindu nationalist-led government’s Aug. 5 decision to strip Kashmir of its semiautonomous status and remove its statehood, moves it knew would be met with fury by Kashmiri Muslims, most of whom want independence or unification with Pakistan. The government said the restrictions were needed to head off anti-India protests and violence.
While some of the conditions have since been eased, some mosques and Muslim shrines in the region either remain shuttered or have had their access limited. Muslims say this is undermining their constitutional right to religious freedom and only deepening anti-India sentiment.
In this Nov. 20, 2019 photo, Syed Mohammed Tayib Kamili, head preacher, center, talks to devotees at Khanqah Naqshband, a revered shrine in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. Less than half a mile away from Srinagar’s Jamia Masjid is the revered shrine of a Muslim saint, called Khanqah Naqashband, where devotees hold special prayers on the 3rd day of Rabbi ul Awwal month in the Muslim lunar calendar. But authorities imposed a security lockdown in the neighborhoods around the shrine on Nov. 1 to stop the gathering, leading to anti-India protests and clashes between government forces and Kashmiri devotees.“This prayer has been disallowed for the first time in its history of 399 years,” said Syed Mohammed Tayib Kamili who has been leading the prayers at the shrine since 1976. “They have not only violated constitution but also invited wrath of the divine power.” (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
The centuries-old Jamia Masjid, made of brick and wood, is one of the oldest in this city of 1.2 million, where 96% of people are Muslim. When it’s open, thousands of people congregate there for prayers.
Romi would take her two children there every day and sit inside the compound while they would play.
“I would forget all my miseries there,” she said.
In this Nov. 19, 2019 photo, Mohammed Yasin Bangi, muezzin at grand Jamia Masjid, city's main mosque reads holy Quran inside his home in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. Bangi has not called for prayers at the grand mosque of Srinagar in the Himalayan region of Muslim majority Kashmir since August 5. Restless and unwell, Bangi says not calling for prayers in the mosque is like being tortured spiritually.“This has robbed me of my peace. It has impacted my physical health too,” said the 70-year-old who has served as the muezzin at the mosque for the last 55 years. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
Now, when her kids ask why they can’t go to the mosque, she draws a blank face.
“I open my window of the house which faces the mosque and show my kids the soldiers that are stationed outside it,” Romi said.
That it’s a target for authorities is neither surprising nor new. Friday sermons at the mosque mainly revolve around the Kashmir conflict, and its surrounding neighborhoods are often where stone-throwing protesters clash with government forces as part of an ongoing anti-India rebellion.
In this Nov. 9, 2019 photo, a lock is seen on the closed door of grand Jamia Masjid ,the main mosque in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. The centuries-old Jamia Masjid in Srinagar city, apart from hosting the largest Muslim gatherings in disputed Kashmir, is also one of the nerve centers of anti-India protests. Thousands of people congregate here for prayers and Friday sermons at the mosque mainly revolve around the Kashmir conflict. But more than three months have passed and mosque gates continue to remain locked. Following India’s unilateral decision to strip the disputed region’s semiautonomous status in early August, authorities have not allowed any prayers at the mosque as part of their ongoing security clampdown. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
Authorities have banned prayers at the mosque for extended periods during unrest in 2008, 2010 and 2016. Official data show the mosque was closed at least 250 days in those three years combined.
Mohammed Yasin Bangi, the 70-year-old whose voice has called out the prayers at the mosque for the last 55 years, said the current restrictions are the worst he has seen.
“During earlier restrictions, we would be sometimes allowed to offer evening prayers. But not even once during this time around,” he said. “The closure of the mosque has robbed me of my peace. I’ve been subjected to spiritual torture.”
FILE- In this, Nov. 10, 2019 file photo, an Indian policeman guards and Kashmiri Muslims pray as the head priest displays a relic of Islam's Prophet Muhammad at the Hazratbal shrine, on the occasion of the Prophet's birth anniversary in Srinagar, India. On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP Photo Mukhtar Khan, File)
A top police officer in the city, speaking on condition of anonymity in keeping with department policy, said authorities decided the mosque could reopen last month for Friday prayers but mosque officials refused.
A mosque official speaking on condition of anonymity because he feared reprisals said they refused because authorities sought assurances that there would be no protests or speeches against Indian rule.
Rohit Kansal, Kashmir’s chief government spokesman, declined to comment. Officials from the Home Ministry in New Delhi, which oversees internal security in the country, did not respond to requests for comment.
In this Nov. 20, 2019 photo, a bird flies as minarets of grand Jamia Masjid, the main Mosque is seen in center of the city in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. The centuries-old Jamia Masjid in Srinagar city, apart from hosting the largest Muslim gatherings in disputed Kashmir, is also one of the nerve centers of anti-India protests. Thousands of people congregate here for prayers and Friday sermons at the mosque mainly revolve around the Kashmir conflict. But more than three months have passed and mosque gates continue to remain locked. Following India’s unilateral decision to strip the disputed region’s semiautonomous status in early August, authorities have not allowed any prayers at the mosque as part of their ongoing security clampdown. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
Freedom of religion is enshrined in India’s constitution, allowing citizens to follow and freely practice religion. The constitution also says the state will not “discriminate, patronize or meddle in the profession of any religion.”
But even before the current security operation in Kashmir, experts say conditions for India’s Muslims have been growing worse under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party, which came to power in 2014 and won a landslide re-election in May.
In June, the U.S. State Department said in a report that religious freedom in India continued a downward trend in the year 2018. India’s foreign ministry rejected the report.
FILE- In this, Nov. 10, 2019 file photo, Indian policemen guard and Kashmiri Muslims pray as the head priest displays a relic of Islam's Prophet Muhammad at the Hazratbal shrine, on the occasion of the Prophet's birth anniversary in Srinagar, India.On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP Photo Mukhtar Khan, File)
In August, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation raised concerns about India's lockdown in Kashmir and called for authorities to ensure that Kashmiri Muslims could exercise their religious rights.
The ongoing restrictions in Kashmir have also included gatherings at Muslim shrines and religious festivals.
In August, worshipers were told to host the prayers for the festival of Eid-al-Adha inside small neighborhood mosques rather than in the large outdoor gatherings that are normal. In September, authorities banned the annual Muharram processions that mark the martyrdom of the Prophet Muhammad's grandson.
FILE- In this Nov. 10, 2019 file photo, an Indian policeman guards as Kashmiri Muslims pray at the Hazratbal shrine, on the occasion of the Prophet's birth anniversary in Srinagar, India. On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP Photo Mukhtar Khan, File)
Last month, during the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of the Prophet Muhammad, authorities blocked all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered Muslim shrine. Only a few hundred devotees were allowed to pray there — far fewer than the tens of thousands the event has been known to draw.
Such restrictions are particularly galling to Kashmiri Muslims because they have long complained that the government curbs their religious freedom on the pretext of law and order while promoting and patronizing an annual Hindu pilgrimage to the Amarnath Shrine in Kashmir that draws hundreds of thousands of visitors.
Sheikh Showkat, a professor of international law and human rights at the Central University of Kashmir, warned that such a duality in policy sent a clear message that the government no longer remains impartial toward different religions and further alienates the people of Kashmir.
In this Nov. 9, 2019 photo, a bird flies outside the Hazratbal shrine on the outskirts of Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
“It no way augers well for any peace,” he said. “Whether it triggers further radicalization or not, it definitely infuriates people about the safety and security of their faith. It can also snowball into a mass mobilization against the state.”
Syed Mohammed Tayib Kamili has been leading annual prayers at Kashmir’s Khanqah Naqashband shrine since 1976. Indian authorities stopped last month’s gathering from taking place.
The decision, which was met with anti-India protests, was the first time the prayers had not been held in the shrine’s 399-year history, Kamili said.
In this Nov. 16, 2019 photo, Sheikh Showkat, a professor of international law and human rights at the central university of Kashmir reads a book inside his home in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir. Many Kashmiri Muslims have for long said New Delhi curbs their religious freedom on the pretext of law and order while promoting and patronizing an annual Hindu pilgrimage to the Amarnath Shrine in an icy Himalayan cave visited by hundreds of thousands of Hindus from across India.“The pilgrimage has seen a steady increase in its duration from 10 days to 45 days and number of devotees from some 15,000 before the start of the anti-India rebellion in 1989 to hundreds of thousands now,” said Prof. Sheikh Showkat. (AP PhotoMukhtar Khan)
“They have not only violated constitution,” he said, “but also invited wrath of the divine power.”
Associated Press writer Sheikh Saaliq contributed to this report.
Associated Press religion coverage receives support from the Lilly Endowment through the Religion News Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for this content.
FILE- In this, Nov. 10, 2019 file photo, an Indian policeman guards as a Kashmiri child looks on outside the Hazratbal shrine, on the occasion of the Prophet's birth anniversary in Srinagar, India. On Nov. 10, all roads leading to Dargah Hazratbal, the region’s most revered shrine, were sealed with pools of concertina wire on the yearly celebration of the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad. During previous years, the shrine would remain jam-packed with devotees from across Kashmir. This time, however, only neighborhood locals were allowed to offer prayers. (AP Photo Mukhtar Khan, File)
Follow Aijaz Hussain on Twitter at twitter.com/hussain_aijaz