Lebanon at a crossroads after 100 days of protests

When Nazih Khalaf heard that protests were taking place Oct. 17 in Lebanon’s capital over government plans to impose new taxes, he was just returning from south of Beirut where he’d been working to put out deadly wildfires that had been raging for days.

The 42-year-old media activist hopped in a shower and without hesitation headed to Beirut, invigorated by the thought of demonstrations targeting a political class accused of decades of political corruption and mismanagement.

Khalaf hasn't left downtown Beirut since. Now, 100 days after the nationwide uprising against the country's hated political class erupted, Lebanon is at a crossroads, and Lebanese are more divided than ever.

People walk between damaged pillars of Beirut Souks, a 100,000 sq. meters gigantic shopping mall, in Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Jan. 24, 2020. As cement barricades come up across the capital, blocking the path to major government buildings, Lebanese protesters vowed to continue taking to the street on the 100-day anniversary of the anti-government protests. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

“We have protested for 100 days in every sort of way," Khalaf said. “We chanted slogans, had sit-ins, closed roads, we stood in front of the central bank, in front of the Parliament just so those in power hear our voice and understand that they are really responsible for us."

A new government was formed Tuesday, and protesters — even though they’ve rejected it as a rubber stamp for traditional political parties — are now split over whether to continue protesting or withdraw from the streets to give the new Cabinet a chance. The peaceful, jubilant protests that characterized the first three months of the uprising have turned violent, and a worsening financial crisis is taking its toll.

Khalaf has been sleeping in a tent that he pitched alongside other protesters and launched a hunger strike earlier this week in exasperation at the political class’ ineptness.

A general view shows a concrete wall installed by authorities that blocks a road leading to the parliament building, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Jan. 24, 2020. As cement barricades come up across the capital, blocking the path to major government buildings, Lebanese protesters vowed to continue taking to the street on the 100-day anniversary of the anti-government protests. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

“Unfortunately, for 100 days, they have not listened to us and this new government is the same. In their view, we are not actually people. We are a group of sheep,” said Khalaf from his tent, heavily fatigued after four days of only consuming water and salt.

Another point of division among the Lebanese protesters has been over tactics. Many are frustrated with the frequent roadblocks that have occurred throughout the country.

“I supported the protests at first but when it came to a point where the blocking of roads affected my mom’s doctors’ appointments or my freedom to go to work, then I stopped supporting it,” said a woman who works in management at American University in Beirut. She refused to give her name, fearing it would spark controversy among her friends and colleagues.

Lebanese riot police stand guard as an engineering unit installs a concrete wall near the Lebanese government headquarters, a day after the new Lebanese cabinet was announced, in Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. A new Cabinet has been announced last night in crisis-hit Lebanon, breaking a months-long impasse amid mass protests against the country's ruling elite. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

Ehab Abu-Fakr is the older brother of Alaa Abu Fakr, who was shot dead Nov. 12 by a soldier trying to open a road closed by protesters in southern Beirut. He came to central Beirut on Friday to meet with protesters over future plans.

“If I don’t stand up against (the new government), it’s as if I am burying my brother’s cause under the ground,” he said, sitting in one of the tents in downtown among a group of 10 other male protesters.

Some Lebanese are also frustrated at what they view as “thugs” or “infiltrators” who have turned to rioting and vandalism, smashing shop windows and throwing rocks and tiles at police during protests.

A sign is seen on a broken shop glass of Beirut Souks, a 100,000 sq. meters gigantic shopping mall, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Jan. 24, 2020. As cement barricades come up across the capital, blocking the path to major government buildings, Lebanese protesters vowed to continue taking to the street on the 100-day anniversary of the anti-government protests. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

Muhammad Saab, a 19-year-old taxi driver, vehemently shook his head at the description of protesters as troublemakers and said that violence from protesters is justified.

“Open your eyes a bit because these people are really hungry. I am with the violence now and the destruction. ... The people who say ‘peaceful peaceful’ went out for a bit, they danced, sang, played and then went home. No, this can’t be peaceful. This revolution needs destruction.”

For the past week, a few hundred protesters have engaged in some of the most violent confrontations with security forces in the capital. More than 500 people, including over 100 security forces, were injured in nightly clashes outside the parliament building. Protesters hurled stones, firecrackers and flares at security forces who responded with rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannons. Several protesters were hit in their eyes and at least two protesters were blinded.

A man poses for a picture in front of a concrete wall installed by authorities to blocks a road leading to the parliament building, in Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Jan. 24, 2020. As cement barricades come up across the capital, blocking the path to major government buildings, Lebanese protesters vowed to continue taking to the street on the 100-day anniversary of the anti-government protests. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

On Wednesday, groups of young men rampaged through Beirut's commercial district, smashing window shops, cafes, banks and other businesses. They ripped tiles off luxury buildings and broke them up to use as stones to throw at police.

On Friday, security forces were putting up cement barricades, blast walls and additional barbed wire across the downtown area, blocking the path to major government buildings, including the Central Bank.

Banks stepped up their security and some shops were installing fortified windows and doors, anticipating more violence.

Lebanese men pass in front of a coffee shop that was smashed by anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. Lebanon's new government, made up of members nominated by the Shiite group Hezbollah and its allies got down to business Wednesday, a day after it was formed. Questions arose immediately about its ability to halt a spiral of economic and political collapse. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

People check damaged shops as they stand between damaged pillars of Beirut Souks, a 100,000 sq. meters gigantic shopping mall, in Beirut, Lebanon, Friday, Jan. 24, 2020. As cement barricades come up across the capital, blocking the path to major government buildings, Lebanese protesters vowed to continue taking to the street on the 100-day anniversary of the anti-government protests. (AP PhotoHassan Ammar)

Anti-government protesters clash with the riot police during ongoing protests in Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. Lebanon's new government held its first meeting Wednesday, a day after it was formed following a three-month political vacuum, with the prime minister saying his Cabinet will adopt financial and economic methods different than those of previous governments. (AP PhotoBilal Hussein)

Anti-government protesters clash with the riot police during ongoing protests in Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. Lebanon's new government held its first meeting Wednesday, a day after it was formed following a three-month political vacuum, with the prime minister saying his Cabinet will adopt financial and economic methods different than those of previous governments. (AP PhotoBilal Hussein)

Special forces police are illuminated by laser pointers from anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. Lebanon's new government, made up of members nominated by the Shiite group Hezbollah and its allies got down to business Wednesday, a day after it was formed. Questions arose immediately about its ability to halt a spiral of economic and political collapse. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)