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Human rights group alleges widespread torture, abuse of detainees accused of IS affiliation in Syria

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Human rights group alleges widespread torture, abuse of detainees accused of IS affiliation in Syria
News

News

Human rights group alleges widespread torture, abuse of detainees accused of IS affiliation in Syria

2024-04-18 02:06 Last Updated At:02:10

BEIRUT (AP) — Amnesty International said Wednesday it has documented widespread abuses, including torture and deprivation of medical care, in detention facilities holding thousands of suspected Islamic State members and their relatives in northeast Syria.

The centers and camps hold about 56,000 people — the majority of them children and teens — and are run by local authorities affiliated with the U.S.-backed, Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces. The SDF and its allies, including U.S.-led coalition forces, defeated the Islamic State group in Syria in 2019, ending its self-proclaimed Islamic “caliphate” that had ruled over a large swath of territory straddling Iraq and Syria.

What to do with the suspected IS fighters and their families has become an intractable issue. Many countries whose citizens traveled to Syria to join IS have been reluctant to repatriate them, as have local communities in Syria.

"People held in this system are facing large-scale violations of their rights, some of which amount to war crimes,” Nicolette Waldman, Amnesty’s senior crisis advisor, told journalists.

The United States is also responsible for the alleged violations because it played a key role in establishing and maintaining the detention system, providing hundreds of millions of dollars to the SDF and affiliated forces and regularly interrogating detainees, Waldman said.

The human rights group interviewed 126 people accused of IS affiliation currently or formerly detained, along with representatives of the local administration and aid workers.

The Amnesty report said the vast majority of detainees are being held “indefinitely, without charge or trial, in violation of international human rights law and international humanitarian law,” while those who have been tried were, in many cases, convicted on the basis of confessions extracted under torture.

The alleged abuses include “beating, stress positions, drowning, electric shocks and gender-based violence,” including a male detainee who said he and others had been sodomized with broomsticks by guards, the report said. Detainees were also deprived of food, water and medical care and subjected to extreme cold and heat in overcrowded cells, with some allegedly dying of suffocation, it said.

The report added that many of the approximately 14,500 women and 30,000 children held had been victims of human trafficking, including women who were forced to marry IS fighters and minors who were forcibly recruited by the group, and that local authorities had failed to set up a “mechanism to identify trafficking victims” and protect them.

The report also criticized the practice of forcibly separating adolescent boys — some as young as 11 or 12 — from their mothers and placing them in rehabilitation centers indefinitely.

Amnesty called on local authorities, the U.S. government and other allies to bring the detention system into compliance with international law and urged the United Nations to work with them to establish a screening process to release all who are not “reasonably suspected” of having committed a serious crime.

The Autonomous Authorities of the North and East Syria Region, the civilian administration affiliated with the SDF, wrote in response to the Amnesty findings that it had not received any official complaints regarding torture in detention facilities and “if this happened, they are individual acts.”

The administration said it would take action against employees who committed violations if evidence is provided. It denied allegations that inmates were deprived of food, water and medical care. It acknowledged overcrowding in the facilities, which it attributed to lack of financial resources to secure larger centers.

The local authorities took issue with the allegation that people were arbitrarily detained, asserting that most detainees “are members of a terrorist organization and were arrested during the battles" and that many had committed crimes against humanity and war crimes.

The U.S. State Department said in its own response that “we share many of (Amnesty’s) concerns” and it has been working to address them. It called on the international community to “aid local entities’ management of these challenges” and for countries with citizens held in detention in Syria to repatriate them.

Waldman said she believes Washington "very likely knew about these poor conditions from the beginning."

She added: “We think that it may not be the case that they are doing everything they can. They need to accept a much greater responsibility, especially since they played such a key role in establishing the situation in the first place."

FILE - Kurdish forces patrol al-Hol camp, which houses families of members of the Islamic State group in Hasakeh province, Syria, on April 19, 2023. Amnesty International said Wednesday, April 17, 2024 it has documented widespread abuses, including torture and deprivation of medical care, in detention facilities holding thousands of suspected Islamic State members and their relatives in northeast Syria. (AP Photo/Baderkhan Ahmad, File)

FILE - Kurdish forces patrol al-Hol camp, which houses families of members of the Islamic State group in Hasakeh province, Syria, on April 19, 2023. Amnesty International said Wednesday, April 17, 2024 it has documented widespread abuses, including torture and deprivation of medical care, in detention facilities holding thousands of suspected Islamic State members and their relatives in northeast Syria. (AP Photo/Baderkhan Ahmad, File)

FILE - Women residents from former Islamic State-held areas in Syria line up for aid supplies at Al-Hol camp in Hassakeh province, Syria, March 31, 2019. Amnesty International said Wednesday, April 17, 2024 it has documented widespread abuses, including torture and deprivation of medical care, in detention facilities holding thousands of suspected Islamic State members and their relatives in northeast Syria. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)

FILE - Women residents from former Islamic State-held areas in Syria line up for aid supplies at Al-Hol camp in Hassakeh province, Syria, March 31, 2019. Amnesty International said Wednesday, April 17, 2024 it has documented widespread abuses, including torture and deprivation of medical care, in detention facilities holding thousands of suspected Islamic State members and their relatives in northeast Syria. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo, File)

SEATTLE (AP) — Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, faces sentencing Tuesday in a Seattle courtroom, where U.S. prosecutors are asking a judge to give him a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform.

Zhao pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. U.S. officials said Zhao deliberately looked the other way as illicit actors conducted transactions that supported child sex abuse, the illegal drug trade and terrorism.

“He made a business decision that violating U.S. law was the best way to attract users, build his company, and line his pockets,” the Justice Department wrote in a sentencing memorandum filed last week.

Zhao's attorneys, insist he should receive no prison term at all, citing his willingness to come from the United Arab Emirates, where he and his family live, to the U.S. to plead guilty, despite the UAE's lack of an extradition treaty with the U.S. No one has ever been sentenced to prison time for similar violations of the Bank Secrecy Act, they said.

“I want to take responsibility and close this chapter in my life,” Zhao said when he entered his guilty plea to one count of failing to prevent money laundering. “I want to come back. Otherwise I wouldn’t be here today.”

But prosecutors say no one has ever violated the Bank Secrecy Act to the extent Zhao did. The three-year prison term they're seeking is twice the guideline range for the crime. Binance allowed more than 1.5 million virtual currency trades — totaling nearly $900 million — that violated U.S. sanctions, including ones involving Hamas’ al-Qassam Brigades, al-Qaeda and Iran.

Zhao knew that Binance was required to institute anti-money-laundering protocols, but instead directed the company to disguise customers' locations in the U.S. in an effort to avoid complying with U.S. law, prosecutors said.

The cryptocurrency industry has been marred by scandals and market meltdowns. Most recently Nigeria has sought to try Binance and two of its executives on money laundering and tax evasion charges.

Zhao was perhaps best known as the chief rival to Sam Bankman-Fried, the founder of the FTX, which was the second-largest crypto exchange before it collapsed in 2022. Bankman-Fried was convicted last November of fraud for stealing at least $10 billion from customers and investors and sentenced to 25 years in prison.

Zhao and Bankman-Fried were originally friendly competitors in the industry, with Binance investing in FTX when Bankman-Fried launched the exchange in 2019. However, the relationship between the two deteriorated, culminating in Zhao announcing he was selling all of his cryptocurrency investments in FTX in early November 2022. FTX filed for bankruptcy a week later.

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

Changpeng Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, enters the Federal Courthouse in Seattle Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Prosecutors are asking a judge on Tuesday to give Zhao a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as Binance CEO in November as the company agreed to pay $4.3 billion to settle related allegations. (Ellen M. Banner /The Seattle Times via AP)

FILE - Binance founder and CEO Changpeng Zhao, right, leaves federal court in Seattle on Nov. 21, 2023, after pleading guilty to violations of U.S. anti-money laundering laws. Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, faces sentencing Tuesday, April 30, 2024, in Seattle, where U.S. prosecutors are asking a judge to give him a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. (Ken Lambert/The Seattle Times via AP, File)

FILE - Binance founder and CEO Changpeng Zhao, right, leaves federal court in Seattle on Nov. 21, 2023, after pleading guilty to violations of U.S. anti-money laundering laws. Zhao, the founder of Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, faces sentencing Tuesday, April 30, 2024, in Seattle, where U.S. prosecutors are asking a judge to give him a three-year prison term for allowing rampant money laundering on the platform. (Ken Lambert/The Seattle Times via AP, File)

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