The endangered Florida panther faces the dual threats of urban sprawl and increased traffic

FLORIDA PANTHER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, Fla. (AP) — In January, an endangered Florida panther known as UCFP479 became the first to die this year in a vehicle collision along a rural southwestern Florida road.

The male panther, just under 2 years old, will not be the last.

In 2024, 36 panther deaths were recorded by state wildlife officials, which was the most since 2016. The majority of those deaths are the result of collisions with vehicles, including one that was struck by a train, state statistics show.

An estimated 120 to 230 adult Florida panthers live in the wild in the state's southwestern corner, where they are faced with a booming human population and the accompanying development.

The Florida panther, which is similar to but smaller than the Western cougar or mountain lion, once roamed across a large swath of the southeastern U.S. Hunting and habitat loss have decimated the species' numbers and confined them to a shrinking space of about 2 million acres (809,000 hectares), according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Indeed, along what were once narrow country roads in eastern Collier and Lee counties there are numerous major projects under way that will create tens of thousands of homes and the traffic that comes with them.

“We’re at a critical juncture now,” said Michael McGrath of the Sierra Club, which recently led a tour of panther country for journalists and activists. “We’re going to see more and more deaths. Sprawl kills.”

Environmental groups have been fighting an uphill battle to curb some of the development and vow to continue those efforts.

“You can see all of that land is primary panther habitat,” said Amber Crooks, environmental policy manager at the Conservancy of Southwest Florida. “We have to fight until that last decision is made.”

The Florida panther is the only established population of pumas east of the Mississippi River, according to the state Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. They have been listed as federally endangered since 1967. A 26,600-acre (10,700-hectare) panther refuge was established in 1989 next to the Big Cypress National Preserve, west of the Everglades.

In 1981, the state began capturing panthers to check their health, administer vaccines, take genetic samples and fit them with radio collars to track them.

The panther population at one point in the 1990s dropped to around 50 animals, in part because of inbreeding that caused numerous health problems. That led officials to import eight female Texas pumas to Florida to breed with males, helping boost panther numbers and improving their genetic diversity. The offspring are considered to be Florida panthers and are protected under the Endangered Species Act, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Florida panthers resemble the cougars and pumas found in the American West, with beige or tan fur and white markings underneath. They eat various types of prey, especially deer and raccoons.

Males tend to roam more than females in search of territory and sometimes are spotted near the Orlando area. One male was shot and killed by a hunter in Georgia in 2008, wildlife officials say. Because males roam more, they are more prone to being struck by vehicles.

Panthers face the threat of disease, including a form of feline leukemia transmitted to them by domestic cats. Bobcats also are prone to the disease.

A 2002 outbreak of feline leukemia killed at least five panthers, federal wildlife officials say.

Another emerging disease appears to cause weakness in the rear legs of panthers and bobcats, many of them seen walking unsteadily on trail video cameras.

"We encourage the public to continue to submit footage and pictures of wildlife that appear to have problems with their rear legs,” the Florida wildlife commission said in an online post.

Some are killed through fights among themselves, especially males.

Michael McGrath of the Sierra Club holds an undated photograph showing a panther killed on the road at the CREW Wildlife and Environmental Area in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

A pine flatwoods habitat is shown during a Sierra Club tour of Florida panther country at the CREW Wildlife and Environmental Area in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Athena the panther walks inside her enclosure at the Florida panther exhibit at the Naples Zoo, Jan. 15, 2025, in Naples, Fla. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

The sun sets at the Panther National Wildlife Refuge in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

People walk along a path at the Panther National Wildlife Refuge in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

A placard displays locations of panther habitats inside the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

FILE - A Florida panther, rescued as a kitten, runs away from its game officials and photographers as it is released back into the wild in the Florida Everglades, Wednesday, April 3, 2013. (AP Photo/J Pat Carter, File)

A panther crossing sign is displayed on a road bordering the Panther National Wildlife Refuge in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

FILE - This 2017 image from a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service motion-activated camera shows a Florida panther at Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via AP, File)

Athena the panther looks out from her enclosure at the Florida panther exhibit at the Naples Zoo, Jan. 15, 2025, in Naples, Fla. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Amber Crooks, environmental policy manager with the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, left, and Michael McGrath of the Sierra Club, right, hold a map showing proposed developments at the Panther National Wildlife Refuge in Southwest Florida, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

A Ukrainian drone strike killed one person and wounded three others in the Russian city of Voronezh, local officials said Sunday.

A young woman died overnight in a hospital intensive care unit after debris from a drone fell on a house during the attack on Saturday, regional Gov. Alexander Gusev said on Telegram.

Three other people were wounded and more than 10 apartment buildings, private houses and a high school were damaged, he said, adding that air defenses shot down 17 drones over Voronezh. The city is home to just over 1 million people and lies some 250 kilometers (155 miles) from the Ukrainian border.

The attack came the day after Russia bombarded Ukraine with hundreds of drones and dozens of missiles overnight into Friday, killing at least four people in the capital Kyiv, according to Ukrainian officials.

For only the second time in the nearly four-year war, Russia used a powerful new hypersonic missile that struck western Ukraine in a clear warning to Kyiv and NATO.

The intense barrage and the launch of the nuclear-capable Oreshnik missile followed reports of major progress in talks between Ukraine and its allies on how to defend the country from further aggression by Moscow if a U.S.-led peace deal is struck.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Saturday in his nightly address that Ukrainian negotiators “continue to communicate with the American side.”

Chief negotiator Rustem Umerov was in contact with U.S. partners Saturday, he said.

Separately, Ukraine’s General Staff said Russia targeted Ukraine with 154 drones overnight into Sunday and 125 were shot down.

Follow the AP’s coverage of the war in Ukraine at https://apnews.com/hub/russia-ukraine

This photo provided by the Ukrainian Security Service on Friday, Jan. 9, 2026, shows a fragment believed to be a part of a Russian Oreshnik intermediate range hypersonic ballistic missile that hit the Lviv region. (Ukrainian Security Service via AP)

President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, second left, listens to British Defense Secretary John Healey during their meeting in Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, Jan. 9, 2026. (AP Photo/Danylo Antoniuk)