CHAPEL HILL, N.C. (AP) — At the National Speech and Debate Tournament, two high school students take the stage. The first articulates the position he has been assigned to defend — people should have a right to secede from their government — and why it is correct. Another student, assigned the opposite position, begins to systematically tear down her opponent's views.
A year later and 800 miles (nearly 1,300 kilometers) away, two teams of high school students convene at the University of North Carolina for the National High School Ethics Bowl finals. A moderator asks about the boundaries of discourse — when a public figure dies, how do you weigh the value and harm of critical commentary about their life?
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Students from the Dwight-Englewood School in New Jersey confer during a quarterfinal round of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
In this image taken from video, Kevin Lyman comforts his daughter, Lizzie, after her team from Atlanta's Midtown High School lost in the semifinals of the National High School Ethics Bowl, Sunday, April 23, 2025, in Chapel Hill, N.C. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Three judges listen to questioning during a quarterfinal round of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Spectators watch the finals of the National High School Ethics Bowl in in the student union of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
From left, students Luke Calhoun, Olivia Beazer, Sona Zarkou, Mae Bradford, front, Lincoln Bradford, back, Cindy Huang and Juliana Migliati from Arizona's BASIS Flagstaff Charter School pose with the first place trophy after winning the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Midtown High School Ethics Bowl teammates Lizzie Lyman, left, and Sloane Crisler prepare for the quarterfinal round at the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Students from Atlanta's Midtown High School, foreground, confer during a quarterfinal round at the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Midtown High School Ethics Bowl teammates Eric Snell, left, and Eve Nahmias speak with coach Eddy Nahmias, Eve's father, in between rounds of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Teams have not been assigned positions. One presents their ideas. The opposing team asks questions that help everyone to think about the issue more deeply. No one attacks.
Many a young debater may learn the rhetorical skills to become a successful lawyer or politician, subduing an opponent through wit and wordplay. But are they learning skills that will make them better citizens of an increasingly complex and contentious republic?
In an age when many Americans are wondering whether it is still possible to have a principled, respectful disagreement over important issues, proponents of Ethics Bowl say it points the way.
In Ethics Bowl, teams aren't assigned a specific position on an issue that they have to defend regardless of their beliefs. Instead, members are given cases to discuss and make their own decisions about what they consider the best position. Teams can, and often do, come to similar conclusions. It is — and this is important — OK for them to agree. Scoring is based on how deeply they explore the issues, including other viewpoints.
Robert Ladenson, who developed the Ethics Bowl as a college philosophy classroom exercise back in 1993 and went on to lead the Intercollegiate Ethics Bowl for decades, explains what he considers an ethical understanding of an issue in an oral history for the University of Illinois in 2023.
It means “having some capacity to view, from the inside, the ethical outlooks of people who disagree with you. That means not simply being aware of what they’ve said or what they’ve written, or being able to develop a nifty debaters’ responses to the viewpoints they hold — but really looking inside the other view and trying to understand it from the other person’s way of looking at the world.”
That plays out at Ethics Bowl. Take the case “See Spot Clone,” about whether it is ever ethical to clone a pet.
Harpeth Hall from Nashville starts the discussion with six minutes to present their thoughts. There are millions of homeless pets, so the ethical choice is to adopt, they believe. Cloning is self-serving for the human. The pet cannot consent. Also, cloning may involve unknown health issues for the cloned pet. The team also believes that it is important for people to confront death.
Now it is the turn of team B, Miami's Archimedean Upper Conservatory — not to attack and refute, but to ask questions that expand the discussion. What about pet breeders? Where do they fit on the ethical continuum? Also, what's so wrong with cloning a pet for your own happiness? Are all selfish pursuits bad?
Next, the judges ask questions. What if there were no possible health problems for the cloned animal? What if the animal is not cloned to comfort an owner but for a more noble purpose? Would it be ethical to clone a skilled search-and-rescue dog?
In a society awash in shortcuts and simple solutions, simply setting the ground rules for contentious conversations like these can be a high hill to climb. At the Ethics Bowl, though, it's part of the point: The process of conversation is as important as the outcome. And subtlety matters.
A good Ethics Bowl case is one where “two well-meaning individuals can take in all of the same facts and information and come to diametrically opposite, value-driven answers,” says Alex Richardson, who directed the National Bowl for five years.
The cases students grapple with include real-life scenarios pulled from the headlines, like the less-than-respectful response to the murder of United Healthcare CEO Brian Thompson. There are also more philosophical issues, like whether humans should pursue immortality. And there are dilemmas that teenagers deal with every day, like whether not posting on Instagram about a hate crime in your community makes you complicit.
That last case was a difficult one for the team from Harpeth Hall, they say, but it helped them clarify some of their thoughts around social media.
Teams have been discussing a group of cases for weeks, but they don't know which they'll be asked about. Once the question is read, they are given a few minutes to discuss. That’s when one or two of the teammates generally scurry around the table to huddle. Intense whispering and furious scribbling ensue.
There is a winning team and a trophy. But students say it is not competitive in a traditional sense.
“It’s not about beating people,” says Lizzie Lyman, whose first-year team from Midtown High School in Atlanta lost in the semifinals. “When it’s about constructively answering a question and just having a really interesting, engaging conversation, that’s where you get to have all these amazing conversations.”
Part of the point of the Ethics Bowl is to create well-rounded students who ingest other viewpoints and engage without arguing. A 2022 survey of participants in nationals found that 100% believed that their critical thinking skills had improved. A large majority said their ethical or political beliefs had changed.
There is clearly a thirst for a different kind of competition. The National High School Ethics Bowl is only 12 years old, and this year saw 550 teams competing in regional bowls around the country.
Sona Zarkou, also on the BASIS Flagstaff team, sees herself as a case study in Ethics Bowl benefits. When she practiced debate, she says, she was “kind of a jerk" — “very quick to attack and very rude." In Ethics Bowl, she sees herself “turn the discussion to something a lot more respectful, a lot more truth-oriented.”
Rhiannon Boyd, a judge at this year's competition, a high school teacher and coach and the organizer of the Virginia High School Ethics Bowl, has seen the positive changes. Two of her students last year were on opposite ends of the political spectrum. Their disagreement was great. Could they be on the same team together? In the end, both joined and made it all the way to nationals.
AP National Writer Allen G. Breed contributed to this report.
Students from the Dwight-Englewood School in New Jersey confer during a quarterfinal round of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
In this image taken from video, Kevin Lyman comforts his daughter, Lizzie, after her team from Atlanta's Midtown High School lost in the semifinals of the National High School Ethics Bowl, Sunday, April 23, 2025, in Chapel Hill, N.C. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Three judges listen to questioning during a quarterfinal round of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Spectators watch the finals of the National High School Ethics Bowl in in the student union of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
From left, students Luke Calhoun, Olivia Beazer, Sona Zarkou, Mae Bradford, front, Lincoln Bradford, back, Cindy Huang and Juliana Migliati from Arizona's BASIS Flagstaff Charter School pose with the first place trophy after winning the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Midtown High School Ethics Bowl teammates Lizzie Lyman, left, and Sloane Crisler prepare for the quarterfinal round at the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Students from Atlanta's Midtown High School, foreground, confer during a quarterfinal round at the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
Midtown High School Ethics Bowl teammates Eric Snell, left, and Eve Nahmias speak with coach Eddy Nahmias, Eve's father, in between rounds of the National High School Ethics Bowl in Chapel Hill, N.C., on Sunday, April 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)
