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China establishes world's largest, most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system

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China

China

China establishes world's largest, most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system

2025-10-11 17:33 Last Updated At:23:17

China has established the world's largest and most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system, featuring a coverage of land, sea, air and space, according to a press conference in Beijing on Saturday.

Chen Zhenlin, head of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), and Bi Baogui, deputy head of the CMA, briefed on China's high-quality development in the meteorological field during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), saying that the comprehensive observation system consists of nine Fengyun meteorological satellites, 842 weather radars, and over 90,000 ground-based meteorological observation stations.

The CMA officials noted that China's independently-developed BeiDou system has broke the GPS system's monopoly in meteorological air sounding.

Over the past five years, China's weather radar monitoring system has been further improved and reached an international advanced level. It covers over 90 percent of densely populated areas, featuring monitoring products with complete independent intellectual property rights.

The radar monitoring system can identify over 80 percent of disastrous weather, with a better performance in monitoring small- and medium-scale severe weather like heavy rains, hail, tornadoes, and thunderstorms, according to the officials.

"China has established the world's largest and most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system, covering land, sea, air [and space], with meteorological satellites and radars as the mainstay, and ground meteorological stations, high-altitude meteorological detectors, ground-based remote sensing vertical observation systems and greenhouse gas observation systems as important components," said Bi.

According to the CMA, China, for the first time, has integrated 35 small commercial meteorological satellites, as supplements to Fengyun satellites in data collection, into its operational meteorological system.

China establishes world's largest, most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system

China establishes world's largest, most comprehensive coordinated meteorological observation system

China continued to make headway in environmental protection throughout 2025, with notable improvements in both air quality and surface water conditions, according to the latest data released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

According to the Ministry, the average concentration of PM2.5 in 339 cities at the prefectural level and above stood at 28.0 micrograms per cubic meter, marking a year-on-year decrease of 4.4 percent. 

Meanwhile, the average PM10 concentration reached 48 micrograms per cubic meter, down by 2.0 percent compared to the previous year.

Excluding days affected by exceptional sand and dust weather, the average proportion of days with good air quality was 89.3 percent, an increase of 1.9 percentage points from 2024.

In terms of surface water quality, monitoring data showed further improvement nationwide. 

Among 3,641 state-monitored surface water sections, 91.4 percent were rated as good quality (Grade I-III), up by 1.0 percentage point year-on-year. 

The proportion of sections with inferior quality (below Grade V, the lowest level in China's five-tier water quality rating system) remained stable at 0.6 percent.

Key river basins, including the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Liaohe River, as well as rivers in northwestern and southwestern regions and those in east China's provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian, recorded good-quality water in 93.0 percent of monitored sections, an improvement of 0.6 percentage points. 

The below-Grade V proportion in these basins was 0.4 percent, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points.

Among 209 key lakes and reservoirs under observation, 78.5 percent attained good water quality, representing a rise of 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The share of those with inferior water quality dropped by 1.0 percentage points to 3.3 percent.

China reports steady improvement in air, water quality for 2025

China reports steady improvement in air, water quality for 2025

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