The Urumqi-Yuli Expressway that traverses the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region exemplifies the integration of ecological conservation and infrastructure development in areas marked by fragile and complex ecosystems.
After over five years of construction, the expressway opened to traffic on Friday.
Stretching 2,500 kilometers, the Tianshan Mountains span central Xinjiang, separating Urumqi, the largest city in the north, from Korla, the largest city in the south. With the opening of the expressway, travel time between these two cities is reduced from seven hours to about three hours, promoting economic integration between northern and southern Xinjiang and creating new channels for external exchanges.
As the road traverses through multiple pastoral areas, initial concerns among herders centered on its potential to damage grazing lands and disrupt livestock movement. Innovative ecological measures, such as corridors for animals, have alleviated these worries. Now, with specially designed culverts, sheep and cattle can cross safely underneath the expressway.
The route also passes through several forest parks under the protection at the national-level or autonomous regional level, which are habitats for endangered species including snow leopards and ibex goats.
In a 116-kilometer ecologically sensitive section, constructors have built numerous tunnels and over 30 bridges, with nearly 60 percent of the route crossing mountain ridges via bridges and tunnels, aiming to minimize habitat fragmentation and maintain animal migration pathways.
Lu Zejian, Party branch secretary of the No.5 construction segment of the expressway project, shared his experience of interacting with a little fox.
"Look at this little fox, we took a video of it. I interacted and played with it for a while. Then one day, the fox came into my office, wandering around, and then left. It wasn't afraid of me anymore," said Lu.
As a key project of the expressway and the world's longest expressway tunnel, the 22.13-km Tianshan Shengli Tunnel officially opened to traffic on the same day.
Over 10 kilometers upwards from the entrance of the tunnel lies the Glacier No. 1 in the Tianshan Mountains, where the meltwater from the glacier converges into the mother river of Urumqi. Protecting these water sources from being polluted was a critical concern during the construction of the project.
"During construction, we built three sewage treatment plants with a combined capacity of 17,500 cubic meters per day, capable of treating water to the standard of secondary surface water quality," said Lu.
The expressway now serves as a vital ecological and economic artery, linking the northern and southern regions of Tianshan Mountains while supporting local biodiversity. Animals freely move along ecological corridors, and native plants are steadily thriving along the roadside.
"These are the Suaeda glauca we planted in May this year. By next spring, this area will be lush and green again. We hope our project becomes part of the local beautiful landscape," said Zhu Genshen, chief engineer of the project's No.1 construction segment.
Urumqi-Yuli Expressway merges ecological conservation into green infrastructure
