What to know about the Strait of Hormuz, a key passageway essential for global energy supply

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Oil prices jumped Monday as the widening war in Iran disrupted tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, highlighting how important the passageway is to the world's oil supply.

The Strait of Hormuz is the narrow mouth of the Persian Gulf through which about a fifth of the world's oil passes. Tankers traveling through the strait, which is bordered in the north by Iran, carry oil and gas from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE and Iran. Most of that oil goes to Asia.

Any disruption to traffic through the Strait of Hormuz is highly disruptive to the oil trade.

“The scale of what is at stake cannot be overstated,” said Hakan Kaya, senior portfolio manager at investment management firm Neuberger Berman. He said a partial slowdown lasting a week or two could be absorbed by oil companies. But a full or near full closure lasting a month or more would push crude oil prices, trading around $70 on Monday, “well into triple digits” and European natural gas prices “toward or above the crisis levels seen in 2022.”

Here’s what to know about the strait and the widening Iran war.

The Strait of Hormuz is a bending waterway, about 33 kilometers (21 miles) wide at its narrowest point. It connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. From there, ships can then travel to the rest of the world. While Iran and Oman have their territorial waters in the strait, it's viewed as an international waterway all ships can ply. The United Arab Emirates, home to the skyscraper-studded city of Dubai, also sits near the waterway.

The Strait of Hormuz through history has been important for trade, with ceramics, ivory, silk and textiles moving from China through the region. In the modern era, it is the route for supertankers carrying oil and gas from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE and Iran. The vast majority of it goes to markets in Asia, including Iran's only remaining oil customer, China.

While there are pipelines in Saudi Arabia and the UAE that can avoid the passage, the U.S. Energy Information Administration says “most volumes that transit the strait have no alternative means of exiting the region.”

Threats to the route have spiked global energy prices in the past, including during the Israel-Iran war in June.

The strait is not officially closed, but tanker traffic has dropped sharply as satellite navigation systems were disrupted, data and analytics firm Kpler said on X on Sunday. The U.K. Maritime Trade Operations Center reported attacks on several vessels in the area on either side of the strait and warned of elevated electronic interference to systems that show where ships are.

A bomb-carrying drone boat struck a Marshall Islands-flagged oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman, which leads into the strait from the east, killing one mariner, Oman said.

Iran has been threatening vessels approaching the Strait of Hormuz and is believed to have launched multiple attacks.

Global shippers have issued service alerts saying they have suspended operations in the area. Danish shipping company Maersk, the world’s biggest shipping company, said Sunday it is suspending all vessel crossings in the Strait of Hormuz until further notice. Other ocean carriers including Hapag-Lloyd, CMA-CGM and MSC made similar announcements.

“No one is wanting to navigate it, and there’s no insurer who’s willing to stand behind any transport going through there right now.,” said Tom Goldsby, logistics chairman in the Supply Chain Management Department at the University of Tennessee. “Those ships that got stuck in the Gulf are not going anywhere. ... There’s also a whole host of ships that were heading into the Gulf to replace them, and of course they’re anchored or going elsewhere now."

Data and analytics firm Kplr estimated there are 70 laden oil tankers and 75 clean tankers, which carry refined oil products, in the Mideast Gulf, seemingly waiting to pass through. That’s roughly twice as many as usual, according to Kplr. Meanwhile, about 60 tankers are sitting just outside the Mideast Gulf, east of the Strait of Hormuz, in a holding pattern.

Iran temporarily shut down parts of the strait in mid-February for what it said was a military drill. Oil prices jumped about 6% in the following days.

The decision was a rare, perhaps unprecedented shutdown of the strait.

In past times of tension and conflict, Iran has at times harassed shipping though the narrows, and during the 1980s’ Iran-Iraq war, both sides attacked tankers and other vessels, using naval mines to completely shut down traffic at points. But Iran has not carried out repeated threats to close the waterway altogether since the 1980s, even during last year’s 12-day war when Israel and the U.S. bombarded Iran’s key nuclear and military sites.

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Anderson reported from New York.

In this image provided by Sepahnews of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on Feb. 16, 2026, shows the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's drill in the Persian Gulf on Monday, Feb. 16, 2026. (Sepahnews via AP)

In this image provided by Sepahnews of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on Feb. 16, 2026, shows the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's drill in the Persian Gulf on Monday, Feb. 16, 2026. (Sepahnews via AP)

In this image provided by Sepahnews of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on Feb. 16, 2026, shows troops standing at attention during the guard's drill in the Persian Gulf on Monday, Feb. 16, 2026. (Sepahnews via AP)

In this image provided by Sepahnews of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on Feb. 16, 2026, shows troops standing at attention during the guard's drill in the Persian Gulf on Monday, Feb. 16, 2026. (Sepahnews via AP)

LONDON (AP) — Several international airlines cautiously resumed a small number of flights from the United Arab Emirates on Monday, providing the first opportunity for travelers stranded by sweeping airspace closures to leave the country after the U.S. and Israel bombarded Iran, and Iran struck back at targets across the Middle East.

The limited flight schedules followed days of near-total shutdowns at some of the world's busiest aviation hubs. The disruptions have rippled far beyond the conflict zone, stranding tourists, business travelers, migrant workers and religious pilgrims across multiple continents and snarling global travel that relies heavily on Gulf airports.

Long-haul carriers Etihad Airways and Emirates, based in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, along with budget carrier FlyDubai, said they would operate select flights from the country, where air traffic was suspended Saturday and defense systems have intercepted Iranian missiles and drones.

Dubai’s government urged passengers to go to airports only if contacted directly, warning that operations remained limited. More than 90% of the scheduled flights from Dubai and more than half of those set to depart Abu Dhabi were still canceled, according to flight-tracking site FlightAware.

At least 16 Etihad flights left Abu Dhabi to evacuate stranded passengers during a three-hour window Monday, according to tracking service Flightradar24, heading to destinations including Islamabad, Paris, Amsterdam, Mumbai, Moscow and London. The airline's website, however, said all its regularly scheduled commercial flights remained suspended until Wednesday afternoon.

Emirates said customers with earlier bookings would get priority for seats aboard the limited flights it planned to operate starting Monday evening. FlyDubai said it would operate four flights departing the city and another five arriving planes on Monday, adding that schedules could quickly change as the situation evolved.

Leela Rao, a 29-year-old law student at Georgetown University in Washington, made it onto one of Monday's Etihad flights after landing in Abu Dhabi on Saturday. She learned of the airstrikes while waiting to make a connection and spent hours at the airport following news updates, hearing explosions and receiving shelter-in-place alerts before the airline arranged a hotel stay in Dubai.

“I am feeling so, so, so grateful,” Rao said via text message after arriving in Delhi in time for a friend’s wedding. “Everyone clapped when we landed.”

With air travel severely limited throughout the Middle East, travelers found themselves unexpectedly marooned in hotels, airports and on cruise ships in multiple countries besides Iran and Israel once the conflict started Saturday.

Dubai International Airport, Abu Dhabi's Zayed International Airport and Hamad International Airport in Doha, Qatar, are key hubs for travel between Europe, Africa and Asia. All three were all directly affected by Iranian strikes over the weekend. Along with people planning to head to or from the region, travelers who were passing through on multileg journeys also found themselves stuck.

Canadian traveler Raymond Grewal and his wife were returning from a honeymoon in the Maldives when the U.S.-Israeli strikes in Iran trapped them in Dubai on their way back to Vancouver.

“You don’t really have time to process it,” Grewal said. “In the moment, it’s scary. But you’re just trying to figure out the best thing to do, take shelter when they say to, monitor the news, try to get information.”

Air Canada announced Monday it was canceling flights between Canada and Israel and Dubai until March 22.

Airlines elsewhere in the region remained grounded. Qatar Airways said its flights were still suspended, with its next update expected Tuesday. Jordan announced a partial closure of its airspace Monday.

At least 11,000 flights into, out of and within the Middle East have been canceled since Saturday, impacting more than 1 million passengers, according to an analysis by aviation analytics firm Cirium. It said the major airlines operating in the region, including Emirates, Etihad, Qatar and Saudia, along with all of the carriers in the three main airline alliances, fly around 1,500 flights a day to the Middle East, totaling nearly 389,000 seats.

The Association of Tennis Professionals said former U.S. Open tennis champion Daniil Medvedev was among “a small number of players and team members” it was trying to help leave Dubai. Some athletes expecting to compete in the Winter Paralympics, which are set to open in Italy on Friday, faced travel difficulties as well, the International Paralympic Committee said. Iran has a cross-country skier who was set to participate.

Governments urged stranded citizens to shelter in place as they scrambled to organize evacuations and alternative routes.

Israel’s flag carrier, El Al, said it was preparing a “recovery operation” to get stranded passengers to their destinations once Ben Gurion Airport near Tel Aviv reopens. The airline said customers with flights booked on El Al and its subsidiary, Sundor, would not be charged for seats on recovery flights, which would initially operate from New York, London, Paris, Rome, Los Angeles and more.

The Philippines upgraded its travel advisory on Monday for the United Arab Emirates, placing it — along with Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia — at a level that automatically triggers a deployment ban on newly hired Filipino workers, the country's foreign affairs department said.

Indonesia said more than 58,000 of its citizens were stranded in Saudi Arabia, where they were visiting Islam's holy sites in Mecca and Medina during Ramadan.

“It has become an urgent humanitarian and logistical issue,” said Ichsan Marsha, spokesperson for Indonesia’s Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, which was coordinating with Saudi authorities, airlines and Indonesian travel operators to arrange alternative routes or rescheduled flights. Thousands of travelers also were stranded on Indonesia’s tourist island of Bali because of international flight cancellations.

Germany's Foreign Ministry said about 30,000 German tourists were stranded on cruise ships, in hotels or at closed airports in the Middle East. The government said it plans to send aircraft to Oman and Saudi Arabia to evacuate ill travelers, children and pregnant people, while working with airlines to assist others.

The Czech Republic said it was sending several planes to Egypt, Jordan and Oman to bring home citizens from Israel and surrounding countries.

With more than 102,000 Britons having registered their presence in the region, the U.K. government was exploring various options, including a possible evacuation, Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper told Sky News.

The travel turmoil also rattled financial markets. Shares of major U.S. airlines fell 5% to 6% early Monday, while global hotel chains and cruise operators posted steeper declines as investors weight the risk of a prolonged disruption.

The Gulf’s shimmering and globalized cities depend on a steady flow of flights carrying foreigners – both tourists and resident workers – and cargo to keep their economies humming. That's fueled the growth of Gulf airline brands like Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways, and turned their hubs into some of the world's busiest airports.

Dubai International Airport handled a record 95.2 million passengers last year, cementing its status as the world’s busiest airport when measured by international travel. It’s second only to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport overall.

Schreck reported from Bangkok. AP writers Kirsten Grieshaber in Berlin, Karel Janicek in Prague, Sam Magdy in Cairo, Mustakim Hasnath in London, Niniek Karmini in Jakarta, Matt Sedensky in New York, Rio Yamat in Las Vegas and Josh Funk in Omaha, Nebraska, contributed to this report.

In this photo taken with a slow shutter speed, a Middle East Airlines plane flies over Beirut as smoke rises from Israeli airstrikes on Dahiyeh in Beirut's southern suburbs, early Monday, March 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)

A man works beside a parked Emirates plane at Manila's International Airport, Philippines on Monday, March 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

A board shows flight details at the Overseas Filipino Workers lounge at Manila's International Airport, Philippines on Monday, March 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

An overseas Filipino worker sleeps as she waits for updates on her cancelled flight to the Middle East at Manila's International Airport, Philippines on Monday, March 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)