The global surge in oil prices as a result of the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran has continued to impact economies, incomes and the cost of living across Africa, sparking protests and strikes in several countries.
In Kenya, the rising fuel price is becoming one of the biggest daily challenges for residents. A transport strike in May brought parts of Kenya's capital, Nairobi, and other towns across the country, to a standstill. Thousands of commuters were forced to walk to work.
In South Africa, petrol and diesel prices have neared a four-year high.
In Uganda's capital Kampala, the impact is being felt in every link of the supply and distribution chains.
"If we are not getting the trucks at the right time for exports and imports, we can't do any business, because we depend on the transporters for imports and for exports also, and the transporter depends on the fuel prices, so they are already increasing the charges," said Sarun Sunny, an executive of the logistic company Phenix Freighters.
Even oil-producing countries aren't benefiting. In Nigeria, experts say rising crude prices are not translating into stronger currency reserves.
"Our oil operations, upstream oil exports, it's a JV - it's a joint venture. So, it's not everything that we export that belongs to us. It's almost 50-50," said Muda Yusuf, a Nigerian economist.
Multiple African governments have introduced measures to address the crisis. Ethiopia has increased fuel subsidies. South Africa has extended fuel levy relief.
In Namibia, the government plans to temporarily reduce fuel levies by 50 percent until the end of June.
Nigeria's Dangote refinery, the largest in Africa, has increased exports of gasoline and the widely used chemical urea to African countries hit by supply disruptions caused by the war.
Egypt, on the other hand, has suspended the early-closure policies that were initially implemented in March to curb energy consumption.
Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire have used fiscal funds to cap fuel and essential goods prices.
As governments come under more and more pressure to provide a softer cushion to the crisis, businesses warn of tougher times ahead if the measures don't work.
Global surge in oil prices hits economies in Africa
