HARARE, Zimbabwe (AP) — More than 178,000 African immigrants have left South Africa in recent months, spurred by a crackdown on undocumented migration by authorities and sometimes violent anti-immigration protests that have led many to leave citing fears of attacks.
It's one of the most significant migrant exoduses from Africa's most advanced economy in years.
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FILE - A protester dressed traditional attire marches against illegal immigration, in Johannesburg, South Africa, June 30, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, File)
FILE - Protesters march against illegal immigration, in Johannesburg, South Africa, on June 30, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
FILE - A Malawian migrant stands in a queue ahead deportation at a temporary centre in Durban, South Africa, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
FILE - Malawian migrants stand in a queue for their deportation at a temporary centre, in Durban, South Africa, on June 18, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
The count is from authorities in the home countries the migrants have returned to. More than 115,000 people returned to neighboring Zimbabwe alone since late May and more than 56,000 returned to Malawi, according to those governments. Nigeria, Ghana, Mozambique and Lesotho have said they've each had more than 1,000 citizens returning from South Africa.
The returns are a combination of people deported by South Africa and others taking up repatriation offers by South Africa or their home countries — which make up the vast majority. South Africa said this week that some 19,000 people had been officially deported since April.
Advocacy groups have raised a series of concerns over the sudden movements of people, including for the thousands of children who have been pulled out of schools and for HIV patients cut off from life-saving treatment.
The mass movements underline the complications of internal migration within Africa, even as international attention is rather focused on issues around migration from Africa to Europe — like the crisis sparked this month by more than 70,000 people scrambling across the border from Morocco into the Spanish territory of Ceuta.
In South Africa, groups have held a series of protests against illegal migration this year, culminating in nationwide demonstrations on June 30, which the groups said was a “deadline” for migrants in the country illegally to leave.
The groups have claimed migrants without documents are contributing to South Africa's high unemployment rate by taking jobs, while also putting pressure on public services. For decades, South Africa as the region's richest country has drawn millions of migrants from other African nations to work on farms, in restaurants, in construction and other low-paid sectors.
South Africa's latest census data from 2022 said there were 2.4 million foreign nationals in a total population of 62 million, though the criticism from protest groups is that many more migrants are in the country without documentation.
The protests against illegal migration in South Africa have been accompanied by door-to-door campaigns by mobs where rights groups say migrants have been threatened and attacked, and their houses or businesses burned, including some who were in the country legally.
Mozambique's government said 11 Mozambicans have been killed in attacks in South Africa, while Nigeria and Ghana also claimed some of their citizens were killed. South Africa has disputed the numbers, saying some of those deaths were connected to crimes like robberies and not migration protests. Some killings are under investigation by police.
But it has led to unusual diplomatic tensions between South Africa and other African nations who are accusing it of being xenophobic.
Ghana pushed for the issue of what it alleged was South Africa's anti-migrant and xenophobic problems to be on the agenda of an African Union meeting in October. South Africa blocked the move but called for wider talks on migration in Africa.
UNICEF and the U.N.'s Committee on the Rights of the Child said in a joint statement they were deeply concerned over the fate of children caught up in the returns. They face heightened risks of violence, exploitation, family separation and psychological distress, "particularly when movements are sudden, undocumented and uncoordinated,” the agencies said.
While some governments haven't released full figures, Malawi said nearly 4,000 children under the age of 5 were among those who returned from South Africa. The Zimbabwe Exemption Permit Coordinating Committee, a non-governmental organization, estimated more than 11,000 children had returned to that country by mid-July. The government has instructed schools not to discriminate and to try to find places for returning children.
Health officials and aid groups say many migrants fled South Africa without medication or medical records, raising fears of interrupted HIV treatment in a region with some of the world’s highest infection rates.
Doctors Without Borders, or MSF, established clinic tents at Zimbabwe’s Beitbridge border post to treat people “who are traumatized” after losing access to lifesaving HIV and other chronic medication.
South African authorities said Friday that some 3,000 people are still awaiting deportation at a migrant detention centre near Johannesburg, while around 6,300 inspectors have been deployed nationally to check if workplaces are illegally employing migrants who don't have documents.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has condemned any acts of violence against migrants but also conceded to government failures around enforcing immigration laws. He has promised more technology and personnel to secure borders, new immigration courts to deal with deportations quickly, and stricter penalties for those employing migrants without documents.
Imray reported from Cape Town, South Africa. AP writers across Africa contributed to this report.
AP Africa news: https://apnews.com/hub/africa
FILE - A protester dressed traditional attire marches against illegal immigration, in Johannesburg, South Africa, June 30, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, File)
FILE - Protesters march against illegal immigration, in Johannesburg, South Africa, on June 30, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
FILE - A Malawian migrant stands in a queue ahead deportation at a temporary centre in Durban, South Africa, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
FILE - Malawian migrants stand in a queue for their deportation at a temporary centre, in Durban, South Africa, on June 18, 2026. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe, file)
WASHINGTON (AP) — Two former FBI officials were charged Friday with lying to Congress about their involvement in investigating Hunter Biden’s laptop in the run-up to the 2020 presidential election, the latest in a series of splashy and politically charged actions the Justice Department has undertaken ahead of next month's midterm contests.
Nikki Floris and Bradley Benavides, former leaders of a since-disbanded task force set up to counter foreign election interference, appeared in federal court in Washington, where their lawyers pressed for a speedy hearing to contest allegations their clients lied to lawmakers by saying that they did not participate in FBI investigations of Biden.
The prosecution, a rare Department of Justice criminal case against a former employee, revisits a tangled and peculiar saga that roiled the final weeks of the 2020 race. It also comes amid a broader, backward-looking effort by FBI Director Kash Patel, who before taking over the nation’s premier law enforcement agency was a harsh critic of it, to scrutinize high-profile episodes from the bureau’s recent past that for years have animated President Donald Trump’s conservative base.
Floris’ attorneys called her “a patriot” and said she has “served our nation as a dedicated FBI intelligence officer for nearly 20 years.”
“Yet today, the DOJ has accused her falsely of a crime on the say-so of politicians, not on the facts,” her attorneys said in a statement. “It’s no coincidence the government is filing these nonsense charges now, years later, on the eve of an election.”
Attorneys for Benavides accused the government of bringing “baseless criminal charges against him in a transparently political complaint.”
“This is another sad day for the Department of Justice,” his lawyers said in an emailed statement. “But now we are in court, and the truth will come out: Brad Benavides is a true patriot who devoted his career to protecting this country and its people. These charges are a disgrace.”
The case was filed less than two weeks before the Nov. 3 elections via criminal complaint, which means prosecutors have not yet presented the allegations to a grand jury for an indictment. The Justice Department has repeatedly struggled in high-profile cases to convince grand juries in the nation’s capital to return indictments.
During the former FBI employees’ court appearance, both defense attorneys and the judge noted the unusual move to charge the case through a complaint, which is more often used by prosecutors when they have an urgent need to take people into custody because, for example, they present a danger or a risk of flight.
U.S. Magistrate Judge Zia Faruqui remarked that it is “rare that we have charges this old coming in this nature," and over the objections of prosecutors who pushed for more time, set a preliminary hearing for next Tuesday, citing what he said was the “sword of Damocles” hanging over the defendants’ heads.
The revelation of the laptop’s existence in October 2020 injected a thorny storyline in the race between Trump, the Republican incumbent, and Biden’s father, Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic challenger who went on to win the race.
The laptop was publicized by the New York Post, which said it had obtained from Trump ally Rudy Giuliani a hard drive of a computer dropped off by Hunter Biden at a Wilmington, Delaware, repair shop about a year earlier.
The criminal complaint aims to build on longstanding congressional Republican complaints about the FBI’s handling of the laptop, including allegations that the bureau was not forthcoming to the public that the materials on it — including emails that showed discussions of the younger Biden’s foreign business dealings — were authentic and not the product of Russian disinformation.
The curious circumstances of the laptop’s discovery raised concerns among Democrats and former intelligence officials about the possibility of Russian involvement, particularly at a time when the Trump administration’s own intelligence community had assessed that Moscow that Russia was attempting to interfere in Trump’s favor in the election and as Giuliani had traveled abroad looking for dirt on the Bidens. Dozens of former U.S. intelligence officials signed a letter saying that the laptop bore the "classic earmarks of an Russian information operation.”
But Trump’s then-director of national intelligence, John Ratcliffe, said in a letter to Congress that there was no proof foreign actors had anything to do with the laptop. The FBI under then-Director Chris Wray subsequently endorsed that position.
Hunter Biden was charged with, and convicted of, gun and tax offenses during his father’s administration. Joe Biden pardoned him in his final weeks in office.
The complaint alleges that in their capacity as leaders of the Foreign Influence Task Force, Floris and Benavides were deeply engaged in the investigations into Hunter Biden, and that Biden was a recurring subject at FITF meetings.
Yet, the complaint says, both downplayed their firsthand knowledge of the laptop or involvement in investigations during 2023 testimony to lawmakers who were doing their own Biden investigation.
It accuses Benavides of making a false statement by saying he learned through Wikipedia that the FBI was in possession of the laptop, and says Floris falsely claimed to have had no knowledge of Hunter Biden having been the subject of discussions at FITF.
“Lying to Congress by senior FBI officials strikes at the heart of our system. No one is above the law,” Patel said.
The case brings renewed attention to the work of the task force, which was established in the first Trump administration to police influence campaigns staged by Russia and other nations aimed at sowing discord, undermining democracy and spreading disinformation. The task force became a magnet of congressional Republican criticism in part because of the Hunter Biden investigation and was disbanded in February 2025 by then-Attorney General Pam Bondi.
As FBI director, Patel has presided over widespread firings of agents who were involved in investigations of Trump or who are perceived as being against the Republican administration's agenda.
He has also focused attention on years-old investigations like the Hunter Biden one that occurred before he became director and that have been the subject of grievances and complaints by Trump allies.
The Justice Department historically looks to avoid public and overt investigative acts in the direct lead-up to an election that involve candidates or that risk influencing a political outcome. But officials in the last two weeks have made a series of bold moves in cases with political undertones, including a search of Democratic Rep. Ilhan Omar’s house in an immigration fraud investigation and a corruption indictment unsealed Thursday against powerful Democratic Virginia state Sen. L. Louise Lucas.
Omar and Lucas are both Trump critics. Omar, who's from Minnesota, has called the search of her Washington home an “attempt to target political enemies and weaponize federal law enforcement.” Lucas has said she won't be intimidated or bullied by the federal government in its case against her and “will not back down.”
FILE - Hunter Biden steps into a vehicle as he leaves federal court, Sept. 5, 2024, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
FILE - Deputy Assistant Director for Counterterrorism at the FBI Nikki Floris, testifies before the House Judiciary Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, Oct. 22, 2019. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)
FILE - An FBI seal is displayed on a podium before a news conference at the field office in Portland, Ore., Jan. 16, 2025. (AP Photo/Jenny Kane, File)
