Stolen election rhetoric from Trump isn't new. His ability to act on those claims is

Democrats, election officials and voting rights groups have long wondered whether President Donald Trump, upon his return to the Oval Office, would again attempt to overturn an election when his party is trailing.

It's no longer hypothetical.

Trump's Department of Justice issued subpoenas in probes of a Democratic Senate candidate in Alaska on Thursday, and subpoenas were issued Oct. 21 and Oct. 24 to election officials in California. The agency had already pursued civil actions there that were roundly criticized by legal analysts and, in California, by multiple judges.

The Republican president previously told his lawyers to sue to block a possible win by Democrat Mary Peltola in Alaska's Senate race because of the presence of a second candidate on the ballot with the same name as the Republican incumbent, Sen. Dan Sullivan. After a New York Times report Wednesday that the Peltola campaign appeared to be behind the second Sullivan candidacy, Trump told reporters she should be prosecuted.

Trump for years has claimed elections are rigged when he or his party loses, and this time is no exception. He has used his midterm rallies to say Democrats cheat, criticize election officials by name and call the ranked choice voting system in Alaska, which might hold the key to Senate control, a scam.

But the use of his power to pursue criminal penalties against candidates running against his party — or who simply run elections and tally the votes — elevates Trump’s crusade beyond mere rhetoric. His recent actions indicate that he is willing to use the power of the presidency to try to reverse a possible loss as the GOP struggles to hold its control of Congress in Tuesday's elections.

“For at least the last year and a half, they've been laying that groundwork,” said Theresa Lee, a senior attorney with the ACLU. “We've been preparing for just as long, if not longer.”

In California, the Department of Justice sued to require election officials to set aside ballots from up to 20,000 people the administration said were possible noncitizens, though the state said the list appeared riddled with errors. First, a panel of appellate judges and then, on Wednesday, a federal judge refused to order local election officials to do so, saying forcing them to change procedures in response to unproven federal allegations would risk the Constitution’s guarantee of state control of elections.

“If the Executive can discount votes and threaten an ongoing election due to unproven allegations, then our democracy is in danger,” District Court Judge David O. Carter wrote as he rejected the Trump administration’s request. “This Court declines to be a party to such process.”

Trump told reporters this week that he would accept the election results, but with his typical caveat: “If they’re honest elections,” he said.

That follows a pattern. Trump has preemptively claimed that upcoming elections will be rigged and labeled elections he's lost as stolen. It started with the 2016 Republican Iowa caucuses, when he came in second to Texas Sen. Ted Cruz.

“Ted Cruz didn’t win Iowa,” Trump said at the time. “He stole it.”

Democrats and other groups that oppose Trump have been concerned that his words would turn into directives to have his administration interfere in the midterms. They have been running exercises for months and have lawsuits pre-written. They also plan to have tens of thousands of people monitoring the polls on Election Day.

So far, early voting has been quiet, with about 35 million people already casting ballots without any notable disruption.

In that respect, this year's election so far resembles 2025's off-year elections in New Jersey, Virginia and a handful of other states. Democrats braced for possible Trump action then, but the election proceeded with no major issues. But the Justice Department's more aggressive actions already make 2026 different from any election in recent memory.

Even before this week, the Justice Department seized ballots and election records related to the 2020 presidential election in Georgia’s Fulton County, and the administration launched a sweeping investigation of that vote, though it has yet to turn up evidence supporting Trump's false claims of fraud.

It's in Alaska, where the Senate race could determine which party controls the chamber, that Trump has been most aggressive.

Scholars believed Trump's lawsuit seeking to stop a certification of a Peltola win until it could be determined whether voters were confused was the first time the federal government tried to intervene in local approval of an election since the Civil Rights era.

While controversial, the dynamic in Alaska is not that unusual. Political parties often support extra candidates on the ballot to try to pull votes from their rivals. If state courts allow it, legal experts say, the federal government has no role in challenging the results.

Derek Muller, a Notre Dame law professor, wrote that the Alaska lawsuit's legal argument to halt certification was “one of the worst ones I’ve ever seen.” He said that should reassure the public that Trump won't be able to change election outcomes.

“The notion that there's going to be something systemic that's going to thwart the will of the voters seems much more speculative," he said. “A lot of the conduct seems impulsive rather than strategic and planned.”

On Thursday afternoon, after Trump's subpoenas against California became public, Muller added: “It's trying to show force against California, to pick on Democrats in one state. But it's not designed to win any elections or election litigation.”

The courts have repeatedly rebuffed the administration, in many cases because the Constitution gives the president no direct power over how elections are run. Courts put on hold two Trump executive orders seeking to change voting procedures. The administration also has lost more than two dozen cases trying to get detailed voter information from the states.

That resembles 2020, when Trump and his allies tried to overturn his loss to Democrat Joe Biden and in the process lost dozens of lawsuits.

Pat McCrory, a former Republican governor of North Carolina, is part of Right Count, a group of conservatives pushing back against election conspiracy theories and intervention in local elections. He said he's confident the system will hold.

“The only thing that protects us from anarchy is this thin piece of paper called the Constitution,” McCrory said. “That thin piece of paper is, to me, a cement wall.”

It's one that many analysts expect will continue to stymie Trump in the courts.

“The courts are likely to throw most, if not all, of these charges out,” said Matt Dallek, a political historian at George Washington University. “But this is a way of intensifying the signal to Trump’s supporters that the elections are rigged.”

The Justice Department in 2020 refused to join Trump's allies in litigation. In his second term, Trump has pushed out career staff and stocked his administration with people who helped him challenge the 2020 election. That's led to mounting concern he could deploy immigration agents, the FBI or even the military to the polls or seize ballots or voting machines, although multiple administration officialshave denied they have such plans.

All of that could happen before courts even have a chance to weigh in, said Brendan Nyhan, a Dartmouth political scientist.

“The threat is that he'll take actions that can't be undone,” Nyhan said.

This story has been updated to correct that Matt Dallek is a political historian at George Washington University, not a political scientist at Georgetown University.

President Donald Trump speaks at a campaign rally at the Lubbock Memorial Civic Center, Tuesday, Oct. 27, 2026, in Lubbock, Texas. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

A woman feeds her ballot into a scanning machine at an early voting site in Haverstraw, N.Y., Monday, Oct. 26, 2026. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)

A person carries an umbrella outside a polling location during early voting in the 2026 midterm elections, Tuesday, Oct. 27, 2026, in Coral Gables, Fla. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Homeland Security Investigations task force officers escort a suspect accused of illegally registering to vote during a federal operation in Commerce, Calif., Monday, Oct. 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — Haiti’s government has announced new election dates as the armed gangs who terrorize the country continue to fight against Haitian police and soldiers, who are now backed by the recent arrival of more than 2,000 troops from El Salvador.

The Provisional Electoral Council said late Wednesday that the first round of general elections will be held next July 18 and the second round on Oct. 4.

Haiti has not held elections in more than a decade and is run by an unelected prime minister. The presidency has been vacant since President Jovenel Moïse was killed in 2021.

The council said it expects to publish the final candidate list, including those running for the presidency or the Senate, by mid-January, with May 20 marking the end of voter registration. Among the presidential hopefuls are former presidents Michel Martelly, Claude Joseph and Jocelerme Privert, along with a former president of Haiti's Chamber of Deputies, Gary Bodeau, and Public Prosecutor Jean Ernest Muscadin. Martelly and Bodeau have been sanctioned by the U.S. following allegations of corruption, while Muscadin has been accused of summary executions of suspected criminals.

Among those seeking to become mayor of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital, is Samuel Joisil, leader of the civilian brigade of Canape-Vert, whose members include vigilantes known for successfully pushing back the violent gangs seeking to take over their community.

The first round of elections was initially scheduled for Dec. 13, but was delayed by gang violence in Haiti’s central region and in Port-au-Prince. Four aviation technicians from El Salvador working with a U.N.-backed gang suppression force went missing on Oct. 18 in the capital after coming under attack.

In response, Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele sent more than 2,000 troops to Haiti to help rescue the four technicians, who the Haitian government says were abducted.

El Salvador’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement late Wednesday that Bukele had spoken with Haitian Prime Minister Alix Didier Fils-Aimé about the security operation to rescue the technicians.

Meanwhile, Haiti’s government issued a statement saying the two leaders are reinforcing cooperation within the framework of the U.N.-backed gang suppression force.

Experts have questioned exactly what role the Salvadoran troops are playing in Haiti.

Romain Le Cour, head of the Haiti Observatory at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, said their rules of engagement, chain of command, objectives and duration “remain opaque.” He questioned what kind of coordination they might have with the gang suppression force, Haitian police and Vectus Global, the private security firm founded by former U.S. Navy SEAL and Blackwater founder Erik Prince.

“Are we witnessing yet another model of deployment, parallel to the multilateral framework? The role of the United States, which supported and facilitated this deployment, also deserves scrutiny,” he said.

Le Cour said the number of Salvadoran troops in Haiti will surpass that of personnel in the gang suppression force, raising questions about the future of the U.N.-backed force.

“What does that mean for its authority, its coherence and its future?”

He added: “the most basic question remains unanswered: why were the Salvadoran technicians in a gang-controlled neighborhood in the first place?”

Bukele wrote on X Thursday that his country has “nearly finished” deploying soldiers and equipment to Haiti and only wants to bring home the four missing aviation technicians.

“This is not an operation against the Haitian people, nor an invasion of the country of Haiti,” he wrote in Haitian Creole. “We are not a great power. We have no interest in coming to dominate the Haitian people, nor in laying hands on Haiti’s wealth.”

Le Cour and others also raised concerns about the safety of Haitian civilians caught in a gun battle between Haitian gangs and the international forces.

On Wednesday, Doctors Without Borders issued a statement calling on “the authorities and all parties involved to spare civilians and ensure access to health care facilities for all the wounded and sick, without distinction.”

The aid agency said it treated 30 patients injured by gunfire or drone explosions from Oct. 18-26, and that it took some of the wounded several hours to reach hospitals run by Doctors Without Borders.

“Roads and bridges are blocked, and any travel is extremely risky,” said Davina Hayles, Doctors Without Borders head of mission in Haiti. “In a capital city where the health care system has collapsed and many facilities are closed, it is essential to ensure there is access to functioning health care facilities like ours.”

More than 5,700 people have been killed or wounded in Haiti from January to mid-September, according to the U.N. Those recently killed include two Haitians who worked for the Norwegian Refugee Council.

“We call on all parties concerned, including Haitian authorities as well as the international community, to do everything in their power to protect civilians, uphold international law, and prevent further violence,” the council said in a statement Thursday. “Neither the Haitian society nor the outside world can tolerate that civilians, including aid workers, are killed with impunity.”

Armored police vehicles that are part of the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) patrol near the airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Tuesday, Oct. 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Odelyn Joseph)