China launched its first optoelectronic fusion deterministic new computing network infrastructure in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province in the east on Friday.
The development of the computing network infrastructure was led by the Future Network Innovation Team of Purple Mountain Laboratory. And it has broken through the bottlenecks of optoelectronic signal separation, high cost, high energy consumption, and low efficiency that all bedeviled the traditional network architecture.
"The first breakthrough was in key theories and algorithms, and the second achievement was that the transformation of these advanced theories and algorithms into a real product can serve the real economy," said Tao Gaofeng, vice president of Jiangsu Future Network Group.
The project is the first major national scientific and technological infrastructure in China's communications and information sector and has been included in the national strategic scientific and technological initiatives under the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025).
It is poised to be applied in fields such as intelligent manufacturing, smart cities, smart energy, and smart governance, offering a robust network ecosystem that enables AI to better serve a wide range of industries.
"We aim to build a network that cheaply, efficiently and securely connects enterprises and data, enabling them to train foundational models. On the other hand, once trained, these foundational models will be used to empower various industries," said Liu Yunjie, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and leader of the Future Network Innovation Team at Purple Mountain Laboratory.
The first phase of the project has covered nine cities in China, forming a huge pool of computing resources.
New computing network infrastructure to empower multitude of industries
China continued to make headway in environmental protection throughout 2025, with notable improvements in both air quality and surface water conditions, according to the latest data released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
According to the Ministry, the average concentration of PM2.5 in 339 cities at the prefectural level and above stood at 28.0 micrograms per cubic meter, marking a year-on-year decrease of 4.4 percent.
Meanwhile, the average PM10 concentration reached 48 micrograms per cubic meter, down by 2.0 percent compared to the previous year.
Excluding days affected by exceptional sand and dust weather, the average proportion of days with good air quality was 89.3 percent, an increase of 1.9 percentage points from 2024.
In terms of surface water quality, monitoring data showed further improvement nationwide.
Among 3,641 state-monitored surface water sections, 91.4 percent were rated as good quality (Grade I-III), up by 1.0 percentage point year-on-year.
The proportion of sections with inferior quality (below Grade V, the lowest level in China's five-tier water quality rating system) remained stable at 0.6 percent.
Key river basins, including the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Liaohe River, as well as rivers in northwestern and southwestern regions and those in east China's provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian, recorded good-quality water in 93.0 percent of monitored sections, an improvement of 0.6 percentage points.
The below-Grade V proportion in these basins was 0.4 percent, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points.
Among 209 key lakes and reservoirs under observation, 78.5 percent attained good water quality, representing a rise of 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The share of those with inferior water quality dropped by 1.0 percentage points to 3.3 percent.
China reports steady improvement in air, water quality for 2025
