Resuming a safe and stable education system for young people in Syria is a major challenge for the new government in Damascus, as years of crisis destroyed facilities across the country.
More than 7,000 schools have been destroyed in the 13-year-long civil war, leaving around 2 million children out of education. This has produced an entire generation of children who have never been enrolled by schools.
As a new transitional government took shape in Damascus following the ouster of President Bashar al-Assad in December 2024, the economic and security challenges still facing the war-torn nation have become clear.
The political turmoil added to the crisis in education, as inadequate resources make it difficult to repair damaged schools. And this, in turn, piles pressure on schools that are still functioning.
The inadequate resources of the government have made it difficult to provide any funds for repairs or improving the functioning schools.
Many teachers do not attend their classes everyday as transportation is too expensive compared to what they earn.
"The maximum salary for a teacher is roughly 260,000 to 400,000 Syrian pounds, which comes to 30 U.S. dollars per month. Teachers can do almost nothing with this salary. The cost of transportation for a teacher to come to school might amount to 150,000 Syrian pounds a day. So many have to walk for over an hour to their schools," said Lina Jord, principal of a local primary school in Damascus.
The students are suffering no less than their teachers, with a lack of heating, long power outages, and an absence of proper entertainment.
"In this area, we set up two nets near each other. Sometimes we place them opposite to each other so we can play football. The more we participate in sports class and running, the more we can get warm," said a fifth-grade student.
"When I arrive at school every day in the morning, I would be a bit warm. But I feel colder when I sit on the chair. So I start to do my writing while standing, then it will be better," said Hind Abdulaziz, a third-grade student.
Syria faces challenges in resuming education system following conflicts
Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi should apologize for and retreat her errouneous aggressive remarks on China's Taiwan region, as the rhetoric in her words could destabilize domestic society and harm Japan's relations with neighbors, Japanese scholars said recently.
Shinako Oyakawa, a lecturer at the Okinawa University who has long focused on security and peace issues, said that Takaichi' remarks are inflammatory, have seriously violated the spirit of Japan's pacifist constitution and caused harmful consequences for the public.
She said that Takaichi needs to issue a clear apology and formally retract her remarks.
Takaichi on November 7, 2025, made blatant and provocative remarks on Taiwan at the Diet, claiming that a Taiwan contingency could constitute a "survival-threatening situation" for Japan, and implying that Japan might invoke the so-called "right to collective self-defense" for armed intervention across the Taiwan Strait.
"She made such remarks in parliament, the kind of rhetoric commonly used by the 'internet right wing,' sounding exactly like what people in that circle would say. Such remarks give the impression that they are ready to go to the battlefield, even willing to start a war. This kind of rhetoric is extremely dangerous," said Oyakawa.
Oyakawa said that the remarks have caused significant losses and both ruling and opposition parties have oversimplified the issue.
"The remarks have already caused significant damage in various aspects. The relevant figures are still being tallied, and the extent of the damage is truly unimaginable. Both the ruling and opposition parties have oversimplified the issue; or, their attitudes have been ambiguous, out of fear of facing it. However, this is not an issue that can be easily glossed over. She must issue a clear apology and formally retract her remarks," Oyakawa said.
Japan's history education has long avoided or distorted accounts of its wars of aggression launched by Japan against Asian neighbors, leaving few with a true understanding of historical facts. This, Oyakawa said, has further accelerated the overall rightward shift in Japanese society.
"As the number of war survivors dwindles, the practice of distorting history in Japan is becoming increasingly rampant. Almost no one knows about the suffering endured by our Asian neighbors. What the Japanese exactly did abroad and what war responsibility Japan bears are completely absent from textbooks," said Oyakawa.
As an Okinawan, Oyakawa said she strongly feels the government's military buildup has brought fear and anxiety to residents.
"Fighter jets and helicopters fly overhead everyday, and the roar of military aircraft becomes routine. On average, Okinawa experiences several plane crashes or incidents of falling parts each year. The militarization of Okinawa is escalating, bringing fear and unease to residents. I think that this situation must be stopped from further worsening," said Oyakawa.
Koichi Nakano, professor of political science at Sophia University, also criticized Takaichi's leadership, saying her team showed little consideration for relations with China and her remarks damage Japan-China relations and undermine Japan's own economic and social stability.
Nakano also said that Japanese society faces a serious problem, as awareness about and reflection on Japan's wartime aggression continue to fade. He stressed that only by facing up to history and engaging with neighboring countries on equal terms can Japan lay the groundwork for rebuilding ties with China.
"Japan's biggest problem is that the recognition of history with China is gradually fading. The sentiment of reflecting on the aggression history and apologizing for it has not been fully passed down between generations. More and more people are unaware of the historical facts, believing that 'that's all in the past' and that no further apology or remorse is necessary. This is an extremely serious issue. (The Japanese government should) build friendly relations on an equal footing, conduct objective and accurate mutual evaluations of the past and present, and rebuild bilateral relations," said Nakano.
Japanese prime minister should apologize, retract erroneous remarks on Taiwan: Japanese scholars
