The United States and Iran have again traded strikes after a week in which U.S. President Donald Trump mused that fragile negotiations between them might be “over.”
The countries are now nearly halfway through the 60-day period that began with their signing of an interim deal aimed at permanently ending the war.
At stake are the lives of Iranians and others throughout the region, including Israel and Lebanon, along with foreign residents of Gulf nations, U.S. military personnel stationed in multiple countries and thousands of mariners on ships still hoping to exit the Strait of Hormuz.
The strait between Iran and Oman, considered an international waterway before the war, has become one of Tehran's strongest pressure points in talks. Iran insists it alone now controls the strait.
Here’s a brief timeline of the war and efforts to end it:
Israel and the U.S. attack Iran, killing Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and other top officials, sparking the war. Iran quickly responds with strikes against Israel and across the Gulf region and asserts control over the Strait of Hormuz, a key waterway for global oil and natural gas supplies from the Gulf.
The Iranian-backed Hezbollah militant group in Lebanon enters the war by firing rockets at Israel.
Israel retaliates, leading to an invasion that will occupy large swaths of southern Lebanon.
Iran names one of Khamenei’s sons, Mojtaba, as the new supreme leader. He still has not been seen in public and is believed to be in hiding after reportedly being hurt in the war’s opening strikes.
A tenuous, two-week ceasefire deal is reached. Israel is not included in the discussions.
The U.S. and Iran end hours of historic face-to-face talks in Pakistan’s capital without reaching an agreement.
Trump says the U.S. has begun a blockade of Iranian ports in an attempt to pressure Tehran to give up its grip on the strait.
Lebanon and Israel hold their first direct diplomatic talks in decades in Washington.
Iran says it has reopened the strait to shipping, but that doesn’t last.
Trump says he is indefinitely extending the ceasefire.
Trump announces a U.S. effort to guide ships through the strait. That, too, doesn’t last.
Israel’s ground invasion of Lebanon makes its deepest incursion in over a quarter-century as Hezbollah continues to target northern Israel.
Israel and Lebanon say they agree to renew their fragile ceasefire and create security zones that exclude Hezbollah.
Hezbollah and Israel quickly resume firing at each other.
Iran fires at Israel in the first such bombardment since the ceasefire took effect in early April. Israel fires back.
Trump says an interim deal has been reached with Iran and will be signed within days. Iran insists the deal means an end to fighting in Lebanon as well.
Trump signs an agreement with Iran that calls for Tehran to dilute its stockpile of highly enriched uranium and waives U.S.-backed sanctions on the country, immediately allowing Iran to sell its oil freely.
Vice President JD Vance says new talks with senior Iranian officials in Switzerland created a “good foundation for a successful final deal.”
Israel and Lebanon announce a U.S.-backed framework agreement that is described as a first step toward peace.
Host Qatar says U.S. and Iranian negotiators meet separately with Qatari and Pakistani mediators, with “positive progress made.”
Iran’s joint military command warns that all oil tankers moving through the strait must use its approved routes or face a “forceful response.”
Iran begins a dayslong funeral for the late supreme leader, Khamenei. Talks with the U.S. toward a final deal on the war and Iran’s nuclear program are expected to resume after it ends.
Iran is accused of striking three ships in the strait after traffic slowly increases, the most in a single day since late April. The U.S. responds by striking dozens of targets in Iran and reinstating sanctions on Iran’s oil sales. Tehran’s lead negotiator declares that “The era of bullying and extortion is over.”
Trump declares the ceasefire is “over” but says negotiations can continue, raising fears that the war could ignite again. Days of attacks follow with Iran also firing at Arab states in the region.
Trump threatens Iran with more strikes, saying he's responding to calls for his death during Khamenei's funeral.
The U.S. military says it hits over 140 targets in Iran, after an Iranian strike on a container ship in the strait left a crew member missing. Tehran says the strait is closed until calm is restored. The U.S. says the strait remains open.
A man holds a poster of the late Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in a gathering commemorating him at a square in Tehran, Saturday, July 11, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
A group of people stands in shallow water as a cargo ship appears anchored in the Strait of Hormuz off Bandar Abbas, Iran, Tuesday, June 30, 2026. (Amirhosein Khorgooi/ISNA via AP)
