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AI and Computer Models Point to Extreme Strengthening of Typhoon Dolphin; Observatory Reminds of Raw Model Data Limitations

HK

AI and Computer Models Point to Extreme Strengthening of Typhoon Dolphin; Observatory Reminds of Raw Model Data Limitations
HK

HK

AI and Computer Models Point to Extreme Strengthening of Typhoon Dolphin; Observatory Reminds of Raw Model Data Limitations

2026-07-30 16:04 Last Updated At:16:04

The Hong Kong Observatory said that during the typhoon season, the development of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific always draws widespread attention. Recently, computer numerical weather prediction models and AI models have forecast that the maximum sustained wind speed near the centre of Typhoon Dolphin will further intensify, possibly approaching historical extreme levels.

The current condition of Typhoon Dolphin, Photo source: the Hong Kong Observatory

The current condition of Typhoon Dolphin, Photo source: the Hong Kong Observatory

The Observatory noted that various computer models show extremely high sea surface temperatures and weak vertical wind shear in the waters where Dolphin is located, creating highly favourable atmospheric conditions. Consequently, extended forecasts all simulate a significant intensification trend. While the models consistently indicate a highly compact low-pressure circulation, there are still differences in the details of its location and intensity.

The Observatory, however, stressed that when analysing these model forecast charts, it is important to bear in mind that the forecasts directly output by computer models are subject to many limitations and still deviate from actual observations. They represent uncorrected raw model data. Moreover, the longer the forecast period, the greater the accumulated error from minor changes in the atmosphere. The future intensity of a tropical cyclone depends on several complex factors, including sea surface temperature, upper-level divergence, dry air intrusion and eyewall replacement cycles. Extreme forecasts from a single model often have considerable room for variation.

Forecasts of Typhoon Dolphin from different models

Forecasts of Typhoon Dolphin from different models

The Observatory's forecast team will continue to closely monitor the latest developments of Dolphin and other tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific, and will conduct assessments by integrating data from satellites, radar and multiple forecast models.

WEST SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Andrew Monasterio hit a two-run home run in the 10th inning and the Boston Red Sox held on to beat the Athletics 4-2 on Wednesday night.

Monasterio and Caleb Durbin each had three hits and Jahmal Jones also homered to lead the Red Sox to a win at Sutter Health Park a night after their road winning streak ended at 10 games.

The Red Sox won despite stranding six runners over the three innings prior to Monasterio’s winner.

With Romy Gonzalez at second to begin the 10th, Monasterio crushed a 2-0 fastball off Jose Suarez (1-3) as many fans wearing Red Sox jerseys cheered in the A’s home stadium.

Jonah Heim homered and had three hits for the A’s, including the 500th of his career. Lawrence Butler added his sixth home run.

Aroldis Chapman (2-3) got the win in his 900th career appearance. Chapman retired three straight following a leadoff double in the ninth. Greg Weissert set down all three batters in the 10th for his first save of the season.

The A’s took a 2-1 lead in the fifth when Butler hit a solo drive off Red Sox starter Patrick Sandoval to deep center for his first home run since June 19.

Boston tied it with an unearned run off A’s starter Jacob Lopez in the sixth after third baseman Tommy White dropped a foul ball. Caleb Durbin, who singled leading off the inning, scored on Nick Sogard’s two-out single.

Sandoval has yet to win a game since undergoing Tommy John surgery in 2024. The 29-year-old left-hander gave up two runs in five innings with seven strikeouts and two walks.

Red Sox RHP Sonny Gray (12-2, 2.78 ERA) was set to start Thursday in the series finale. The A’s had not announced a starter.

AP MLB: https://apnews.com/hub/mlb

Boston Red Sox's Nick Sogard hits an RBI single during the sixth inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's Nick Sogard hits an RBI single during the sixth inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Athletics pitcher José Suarez throws to a Boston Red Sox batter during the 10th inning of a baseball game Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Athletics pitcher José Suarez throws to a Boston Red Sox batter during the 10th inning of a baseball game Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's Andruw Monasterio watches his two-run home run during the 10th inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's Andruw Monasterio watches his two-run home run during the 10th inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's pitcher Aroldis Chapman throws to an Athletics batter during the ninth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's pitcher Aroldis Chapman throws to an Athletics batter during the ninth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's Andruw Monasterio, right, celebrates with teammate Romy Gonzalez (23) after hitting a two-run home run during the 10th inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

Boston Red Sox's Andruw Monasterio, right, celebrates with teammate Romy Gonzalez (23) after hitting a two-run home run during the 10th inning of a baseball game against the Athletics Wednesday, July 29, 2026, in West Sacramento, Calif. (AP Photo/Scott Marshall)

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