Greenland and Antarctica together lost 11.3 trillion tons of ice between 1979 and 2023, pushing global sea levels up by over 3 cm, according to a study by researchers at Uppsala University in Sweden.
Drawing on data from 27 satellite missions, the research analyzes 42 independent surveys to map ice sheet losses comprehensively, including 23 surveys involving Greenland and 19 involving Antarctica.
The research found that the rate of ice loss from the two major ice sheets has accelerated markedly over the past few decades. Greenland was close to balance in the 1970s -- when ice gains and losses were equal -- but its annual ice loss increased from around 60 billion tons in the 1980s to 264 billion tons in the 2010s.
Researchers say the widespread melting of ice triggered by consistently above-average summer temperatures is a key factor behind the rising ice loss.
Antarctica showed a similar pattern, as annual losses climbed from around 48 billion tons in the 1980s to 202 billion tons in the 2010s, with the most remarkable loss recorded in West Antarctica.
The research findings were published in Scientific Data, an academic journal published by Nature Portfolio.
Greenland, Antarctica lose 11.3 trln tons of ice in over 40 years: research
Greenland, Antarctica lose 11.3 trln tons of ice in over 40 years: research
The decision made by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) to raise interest rates this week was driven primarily by rising inflation risks, and further hikes could follow if price pressures continue to build, market analysts and economists said on Friday.
They noted, however, that the pros and cons of the move are yet to be seen.
The comments came after the BOJ concluded its monetary policy meeting earlier on Friday and raised the policy rate from around 1.0 percent to approximately 1.25 percent -- its second hike in three months and the highest level since 1995.
"I believe that the primary reason is still on the price front. The BOJ currently considers Japan's underlying inflation rate to be already quite close to its 2 percent target. Taking into account the situation in the Middle East, robust demand related to artificial intelligence, as well as yen depreciation and currency movements, the risk of inflation exceeding 2 percent has clearly increased. I think this should be the biggest factor behind the BOJ's decision to raise rates this time," said Ichikawa Masahiro, chief market strategist at Sumitomo Mitsui DS Asset Management.
Beyond inflation, the expert said the yen is likely to face continued depreciation pressure from multiple directions.
"Considering the instability in the Middle East and the rise in crude oil prices, I believe that these are the factors that drive buying of the U.S. dollar and selling of the yen. In addition, concerns in the market about the deterioration of Japan's fiscal status, as well as the international balance of payments structure reflected in factors such as the trade deficit, will also push the yen lower," he said.
Other experts noted that the central bank is keeping a close watch on the yen's weakness, and the pace of tightening could quicken if external risks materialize.
"Moreover, the BOJ mentioned at its press conference that if the Middle East situation keeps crude oil prices persistently elevated and pushes them even higher, It may accelerate the pace of rate hikes, continuing not only through this year but possibly into the first half of next year. The BOJ may maintain a rhythm of one rate hike every three months, raising rates further, and by around the middle of 2027, Japan's policy rate could reach 2.0 percent," said Hideo Kumano, head economist at ABC Economic Research Institute in Japan.
Inflation risks drive BOJ's rate hike: experts
