THESSALONIKI, Greece (AP) — The remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel will arrive in Bulgaria on Saturday, after decades of negotiations with neighboring Greece.
Samuel was a warrior ruler who battled the Byzantine Empire to expand his kingdom, but was ultimately defeated and died shortly afterward in 1014. He is considered a symbol of Bulgaria’s national identity.
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Some of the returned Greek religious artefacts are seen during a handover ceremony between Greece and Bulgaria, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Some of the returned Greek religious artefacts are seen during a handover ceremony between Greece and Bulgaria, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Bulgaria's military personnel carry a coffin with the remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel during a handover ceremony, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Greece's Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, right, and Bulgarian counterpart Rumen Radev, attend a handover ceremony of the remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
The remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel are seen inside a coffin during a handover ceremony, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
The remains – discovered in a Greek border area 60 years ago – are to be flown to the Bulgarian capital, Sofia, aboard a military aircraft to be received with full state honors, including a fighter jet escort, a 21-gun salute and a procession to the Church of St. Sophia, where the public will be able to pay respects.
Saturday’s handover follows an agreement earlier this week between the two countries’ culture ministers, under which Bulgaria will return religious relics taken from Greek monasteries during World War I.
Several prominent Greek academics and religious leaders have criticized the arrangement as inadequate on the Bulgarian side.
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and his Bulgarian counterpart Rumen Radev attended a ceremony at Thessaloniki’s Museum of Byzantine Civilization, where the remains were kept, before the handover.
“These are items that belong to both our peoples; they constitute our memory and our bond, and our compatriots and future generations deserve and must have the opportunity to pay tribute to their ancestors,” Radev said, speaking at the ceremony held in Thessaloniki’s Museum of Byzantine Civilization.
“If in the past Czar Samuel divided us, I can say that today he unites us. He strengthens our strategic cooperation and makes the historical relations between our states and peoples even stronger,” Radev said.
Mitsotakis said he hoped Saturday's ceremony would bolster Greece's international campaign to return the Parthenon Marbles, a collection of 2,500-year-old marble sculptures taken from the Acropolis in Athens and later displayed in the British Museum. “The global community is essentially re-evaluating its long-standing stance on protecting cultural heritage,” Mitsotakis said.
“This shift is embodied by today’s initiative, which rests on the obvious principle that monuments and historical heirlooms cannot be treated as spoils of war, nor as the result of circumstances subsequent to their creation.”
Associated Press writer Derek Gatopoulos in Athens contributed to this report.
Some of the returned Greek religious artefacts are seen during a handover ceremony between Greece and Bulgaria, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Some of the returned Greek religious artefacts are seen during a handover ceremony between Greece and Bulgaria, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Bulgaria's military personnel carry a coffin with the remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel during a handover ceremony, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
Greece's Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, right, and Bulgarian counterpart Rumen Radev, attend a handover ceremony of the remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
The remains of medieval ruler Czar Samuel are seen inside a coffin during a handover ceremony, in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Giannis Papanikos)
