BLAINE, Minn. (AP) — Kurt Kitayama finished a sizzling weekend with a 6-under 65 to win the 3M Open on Sunday by one shot over Sam Stevens for his second PGA Tour victory.
Kitayama, who tied the tournament record with a career-best 60 on Saturday to enter the final round within one of the lead, birdied six of the first eight holes to take control on a 91-degree afternoon at the TPC Twin Cities.
Kitayama led by one playing the par-5 18th when he hit 5-iron onto the back slope of a bunker. He blasted out to about 18 feet and took two putts for par to finish at 23-under 261.
Matt Wallace, David Lipsky, Pierceson Coody and Jake Knapp tied for third, three strokes back.
Kitayama, whose only other PGA Tour win was the Arnold Palmer Invitational in 2023, moved to No. 53 in the FedEx Cup with one week remaining for the top 70 to qualify for the postseason. He also earned a two-year exemption and a spot in the Masters next year.
IRVINE, Scotland (AP) — Lottie Woad never flinched Sunday on her way to a 4-under 68 to win the Women's Scottish Open by three shots over Hyo Joo Kim in her professional debut.
The 21-year-old Englishwoman is the second player in three years to win on the LPGA Tour in her pro debut, following Rose Zhang in the Mizuho Americas Open at Liberty National in 2023. Woad finished at 21-year 267 and earned $300,000.
Woad was the No. 1 amateur in the women’s ranking when she won the Women’s Irish Open on the Ladies European Tour three weeks ago. Then, the former Florida State player finished one shot out of a playoff in the Evian Championship in France, an LPGA major, and turned pro.
Nelly Korda shot 71 and finished eight shots behind.
BERKSHIRE, England (AP) — Padraig Harrington was so focused on his game that he didn’t notice a leaderboard or see Rory McIlroy in the gallery Sunday at the Senior British Open. He closed with a 3-under 67 to win his second senior major of the year.
Staked to a two-shot lead, Harrington made eagle on the first hole on the Old Course at Sunningdale and no one got closer than two shots the rest of the way as he became the fifth player with a Senior British Open and a British Open title.
He won by three shots over Thomas Bjorn (67) and Justin Leonard (68). Harrington joined Darren Clarke, Tom Watson, Gary Player and Bob Charles as players to have won the British Open and the senior version.
UTTOEXTER, England (AP) — Joaquin Niemann changed his coach and his caddie and won for the fifth time this year on the LIV Golf League, closing with a 3-under 68 in LIV Golf-UK for a three-shot victory over Bubba Watson.
Niemann missed the cut in the British Open last week for his second straight missed cut in a major. He made big changes by leaving his coach and getting a new caddie but found his comfort zone back on LIV.
Niemann has won seven times, all in the last two years, on the Saudi-backed circuit. He has won just over $21 million this year.
Watson closed with a 65, while Caleb Surratt also had a 65 to finish alone in third. Legion XIII won the team title.
GLENVIEW, Ill. (AP) — Johnny Keefer played bogey-free over the final 10 holes and pulled away with a 2-under 69 for a two-shot victory in the NV5 Invitational, his second Korn Ferry Tour win of the year that secures his spot on the PGA Tour next year.
Jeffrey Kang made eagle on the par-5 18th at The Glen Club for a 65 that allowed him to finish alone in second. Neal Shipley closed with a 63 and tied for third along with Kensei Hirata (65) and Davis Chatfield (67).
Keefer regained the top spot on the Korn Ferry Tour points list and joined Austin Smotherman as two-time winners on the circuit this year.
Seventeen-year-old amateur Mia Hammond birdied the par-5 final hole for a one-stroke victory over three players in the Epson Tour's rain-delayed Greater Toledo Classic. Hammond, from New Albany, Ohio, closed with a 2-under 69 to finish at 12-under 201 at Highland Meadows. Angela Stanford won the rain-shortened Legends event, beating Laura Diaz with a birdie on the second hole of a playoff. ... Brett White made eagle on the final hole for a 59, and then won the PGA Tour Americas' Commissionaires Ottawa Open with a birdie on the second hole of a three-man playoff. Philip Barbaree Jr. had a 59 in the third round, then closed with a 72 to tie for 10th. ... Ayaka Watanabe closed with an 8-under 64 for a two-shot victory in the Daito Kentaku Eheyanet Ladies on the Japan LPGA.
AP golf: https://apnews.com/hub/golf
Padraig Harrington celebrates with the trophy on the 18th hole after winning the Senior Open at Sunningdale Golf Club, Sunningdale, England, Sunday July 27, 2025. (Steven Paston/PA via AP)
England's Lottie Woad holds the trophy after winning the Women's Scottish Open at the Dundonald Links, Irvine, Scotland, Sunday July 27, 2025. (Steve Welsh/PA via AP)
Kurt Kitayama holds his trophy after winning the 3M Open golf tournament at the Tournament Players Club Sunday, July 27, 2025, in Blaine, Minn. (AP Photo/Abbie Parr)
ATLANTA (AP) — Donald Trump would not be the first president to invoke the Insurrection Act, as he has threatened, so that he can send U.S. military forces to Minnesota.
But he'd be the only commander in chief to use the 19th-century law to send troops to quell protests that started because of federal officers the president already has sent to the area — one of whom shot and killed a U.S. citizen.
The law, which allows presidents to use the military domestically, has been invoked on more than two dozen occasions — but rarely since the 20th Century's Civil Rights Movement.
Federal forces typically are called to quell widespread violence that has broken out on the local level — before Washington's involvement and when local authorities ask for help. When presidents acted without local requests, it was usually to enforce the rights of individuals who were being threatened or not protected by state and local governments. A third scenario is an outright insurrection — like the Confederacy during the Civil War.
Experts in constitutional and military law say none of that clearly applies in Minneapolis.
“This would be a flagrant abuse of the Insurrection Act in a way that we've never seen,” said Joseph Nunn, an attorney at the Brennan Center for Justice's Liberty and National Security Program. “None of the criteria have been met.”
William Banks, a Syracuse University professor emeritus who has written extensively on the domestic use of the military, said the situation is “a historical outlier” because the violence Trump wants to end “is being created by the federal civilian officers” he sent there.
But he also cautioned Minnesota officials would have “a tough argument to win” in court, because the judiciary is hesitant to challenge “because the courts are typically going to defer to the president” on his military decisions.
Here is a look at the law, how it's been used and comparisons to Minneapolis.
George Washington signed the first version in 1792, authorizing him to mobilize state militias — National Guard forerunners — when “laws of the United States shall be opposed, or the execution thereof obstructed.”
He and John Adams used it to quash citizen uprisings against taxes, including liquor levies and property taxes that were deemed essential to the young republic's survival.
Congress expanded the law in 1807, restating presidential authority to counter “insurrection or obstruction” of laws. Nunn said the early statutes recognized a fundamental “Anglo-American tradition against military intervention in civilian affairs” except “as a tool of last resort.”
The president argues Minnesota officials and citizens are impeding U.S. law by protesting his agenda and the presence of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers and Customs and Border Protection officers. Yet early statutes also defined circumstances for the law as unrest “too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course” of law enforcement.
There are between 2,000 and 3,000 federal authorities in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area, compared to Minneapolis, which has fewer than 600 police officers. Protesters' and bystanders' video, meanwhile, has shown violence initiated by federal officers, with the interactions growing more frequent since Renee Good was shot three times and killed.
“ICE has the legal authority to enforce federal immigration laws,” Nunn said. “But what they're doing is a sort of lawless, violent behavior” that goes beyond their legal function and “foments the situation” Trump wants to suppress.
“They can't intentionally create a crisis, then turn around to do a crackdown,” he said, adding that the Constitutional requirement for a president to “faithfully execute the laws” means Trump must wield his power, on immigration and the Insurrection Act, “in good faith.”
Courts have blocked some of Trump's efforts to deploy the National Guard, but he'd argue with the Insurrection Act that he does not need a state's permission to send troops.
That traces to President Abraham Lincoln, who held in 1861 that Southern states could not legitimately secede. So, he convinced Congress to give him express power to deploy U.S. troops, without asking, into Confederate states he contended were still in the Union. Quite literally, Lincoln used the act as a legal basis to fight the Civil War.
Nunn said situations beyond such a clear insurrection as the Confederacy still require a local request or another trigger that Congress added after the Civil War: protecting individual rights. Ulysses S. Grant used that provision to send troops to counter the Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacists who ignored the 14th and 15th amendments and civil rights statutes.
During post-war industrialization, violence erupted around strikes and expanding immigration — and governors sought help.
President Rutherford B. Hayes granted state requests during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 after striking workers, state forces and local police clashed, leading to dozens of deaths. Grover Cleveland granted a Washington state governor's request — at that time it was a U.S. territory — to help protect Chinese citizens who were being attacked by white rioters. President Woodrow Wilson sent troops to Colorado in 1914 amid a coal strike after workers were killed.
Federal troops helped diffuse each situation.
Banks stressed that the law then and now presumes that federal resources are needed only when state and local authorities are overwhelmed — and Minnesota leaders say their cities would be stable and safe if Trump's feds left.
As Grant had done, mid-20th century presidents used the act to counter white supremacists.
Franklin Roosevelt dispatched 6,000 troops to Detroit — more than double the U.S. forces in Minneapolis — after race riots that started with whites attacking Black residents. State officials asked for FDR's aid after riots escalated, in part, Nunn said, because white local law enforcement joined in violence against Black residents. Federal troops calmed the city after dozens of deaths, including 17 Black residents killed by local police.
Once the Civil Rights Movement began, presidents sent authorities to Southern states without requests or permission, because local authorities defied U.S. civil rights law and fomented violence themselves.
Dwight Eisenhower enforced integration at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas; John F. Kennedy sent troops to the University of Mississippi after riots over James Meredith's admission and then pre-emptively to ensure no violence upon George Wallace's “Stand in the Schoolhouse Door” to protest the University of Alabama's integration.
“There could have been significant loss of life from the rioters” in Mississippi, Nunn said.
Lyndon Johnson protected the 1965 Voting Rights March from Selma to Montgomery after Wallace's troopers attacked marchers' on their first peaceful attempt.
Johnson also sent troops to multiple U.S. cities in 1967 and 1968 after clashes between residents and police escalated. The same thing happened in Los Angeles in 1992, the last time the Insurrection Act was invoked.
Riots erupted after a jury failed to convict four white police officers of excessive use of force despite video showing them beating a Rodney King, a Black man. California Gov. Pete Wilson asked President George H.W. Bush for support.
Bush authorized about 4,000 troops — but after he had publicly expressed displeasure over the trial verdict. He promised to “restore order” yet directed the Justice Department to open a civil rights investigation, and two of the L.A. officers were later convicted in federal court.
President Donald Trump answers questions after signing a bill that returns whole milk to school cafeterias across the country, in the Oval Office of the White House, Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2026, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
