HOUSTON (AP) — Hunter Brown allowed only a run in 6 2/3 innings for his 10th victory, Jeremy Peña and Yainer Diaz homered and the Houston Astros beat the Boston Red Sox 4-1 on Wednesday night.
Brown (10-5) allowed six hits and three walks and held Boston to 1 for 6 with runners in scoring position. The Astros moved a game ahead of Seattle for the AL West lead. The Mariners fell 4-3 in Baltimore.
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Boston Red Sox manager Alex Cora, right, argues with home plate umpire Ryan Blakney (36) after being ejected during the seventh inning of a baseball game against the Houston Astros Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz hits a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz (21) celebrates with Victor Caratini after hitting a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz celebrates after hitting a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros starting pitcher Hunter Brown throws against the Boston Red Sox during the first inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Peña started a two-run first with his his fifth leadoff homer of the season on Walker Buehler’s fifth pitch. Diaz added a two-out RBI single and, with the Astros up 2-1 with two out in the sixth, he sent an 0-1 sweeper from Buehler (7-7) 415 to left-center for his 17th homer.
Boston had the tying run at third base with two outs in the sixth. With Romy Gonzalez at the plate, Red Sox manager Alex Cora stood outside the dugout demanding Brown be called for a balk. A meeting between the four umpires ensued, but no balk was called. Cora was ejected for the fifth time in 2025 during a pitching change an inning later.
Bennett Sousa took over for Brown in the seventh, pitching 1 1/3 innings. Bryan Abreu worked the ninth for his first save.
Diaz’s two-out, two-run homer in the sixth gave Houston a three-run lead.
Diaz is batting .321 with four home runs and 13 RBIs in his last 13 games.
The Red Sox open a three-game home series against Miami on Friday night, with RHP Lucas Giolito (8-2 3.77 ERA) slated to start. The Astros open a three-game home series against Baltimore on Friday night, with LHP Framber Valdez (11-5 2.97) set to start.
AP MLB: https://apnews.com/hub/mlb
Boston Red Sox manager Alex Cora, right, argues with home plate umpire Ryan Blakney (36) after being ejected during the seventh inning of a baseball game against the Houston Astros Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz hits a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz (21) celebrates with Victor Caratini after hitting a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros' Yainer Diaz celebrates after hitting a two-run home run against the Boston Red Sox during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
Houston Astros starting pitcher Hunter Brown throws against the Boston Red Sox during the first inning of a baseball game Wednesday, Aug. 13, 2025, in Houston. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — An economist testified in Michael Jordan's federal federal antitrust trial against NASCAR that the racing series owes a combined $364.7 million in damages to the two teams suing it over a revenue-sharing dispute.
Edward Snyder, a professor of economics who worked in the antitrust division of the Department of Justice and has testified in more than 30 cases, including “Deflategate” involving the NFL's New England Patriots, testified on Monday. He gave three specific reasons NASCAR is a monopoly participating in anticompetitive business practices.
Using a complex formula applied to profits, a reduction in market revenue, and lost revenue to 23XI Racing and Front Row Motorsports from 2021-24, Snyder came up with his amount of damages owed. Snyder applied a 45% of revenue sharing he alleged Formula 1 gives to its teams in his calculations; Snyder found that NASCAR's revenue-sharing model when its charter system began in 2016 gave only 25% to the teams.
The suit is about the 2025 charter agreement, which was presented to teams on a Friday in September 2024 with a same-day deadline to sign the 112-page document. The charter offer came after more than two years of bitter negotiations between NASCAR and its teams, who have called the agreement “a take-it-or-leave-it” ultimatum that they signed with “a gun to their head.”
A charter is similar to the franchise model in other sports, but in NASCAR it guarantees 36 teams spots in the 40-car field, as well as specific revenue.
Jordan and three-time Daytona 500 winner Denny Hamlin for 23XI, along with Front Row Motorsports and owner Bob Jenkins, were the only two teams out of 15 to refuse the new charter agreements.
Snyder's evaluations found NASCAR was in fact violating antitrust laws because the privately owned racing series controls all bargaining because “teams don't have anywhere else to sell their services." Snyder said NASCAR controls “the tracks, the teams and the cars.”
Snyder repeatedly cited exclusivity agreements NASCAR entered into with racetracks after the charter system began. The agreements prevent tracks that host NASCAR from holding events with rival racing series. Prior to the long-term agreements, NASCAR operated on one-year contracts with its host racetracks.
The Florida-based France family founded NASCAR in 1948 and, along with Speedway Motorsports, owns almost all the tracks on the top Cup Series schedule. Snyder's belief is that NASCAR entered into exclusivity agreements with tracks to stave off any threats of a breakaway startup series. In doing so, it eliminated teams' ability to race stock cars anywhere else, forced them to accept revenue-sharing agreements that are below market value, and damaged their overall evaluations.
Snyder did his calculations for both teams based on each having two charters — each purchased a third charter in late 2024 — and found 23XI is owed $215.8 million while Front Row is owed $148.9 million. Based on his calculations, Snyder determined NASCAR shorted 36 chartered teams $1.06 billion from 2021-24.
Snyder noted NASCAR had $2.2 billion in assets, an equity value of $5 billion and an investment-grade credit rating — which Snyder believed positions the France family to be able to pivot and adjust to any threats of a rival series the way the PGA did in response to the LIV Golf league. The PGA, Snyder testified, “got creative” in bringing in new revenue to pay to its golfers to prevent their defections.
Snyder also testified NASCAR had $250 million in annual earnings from 2021-24 and the France family took $400 million in distributions during that period.
NASCAR contends Snyder's estimations are wrong, that the 45% F1 model he used is not correct, and its own two experts “take serious issue” with Snyder's findings. Defense attorney Lawrence Buterman asked Snyder his opinion on NASCAR's upcoming expert witnesses and Snyder said they were two of the best economists in the world.
Snyder testified for almost the entirety of Monday's session — the sixth day of the trial — and will continue on Tuesday. The snail's pace of the trial has agitated U.S. District Judge Kenneth Bell, who heard arguments 30 minutes early Monday morning because he was annoyed that objections had been submitted at 2:55 a.m. and then 6:50 a.m.
He needed an hour to get through the rulings, and testimony resumed 30 minutes behind schedule. When the day concluded, he asked the nine-person jury if they were willing to serve an hour longer each day the rest of the week in an effort to avoid a third full week of trial.
Bell wants plaintiff attorney Jeffrey Kessler to conclude his case by the end of Tuesday, but Kessler told him he still plans to call NASCAR chairman Jim France, NASCAR commissioner Steve Phelps and Hall of Fame team owner Richard Childress, who was the subject of derogatory text messages amongst NASCAR leadership and has said he's considering legal action.
NASCAR has a list of 16 potential witnesses and Bell said he wanted the first one on the stand before Tuesday's session concludes.
AP auto racing: https://apnews.com/hub/auto-racing
FILE - Front Row Motorsports owner Bob Jenkins, left, and 23XI co-owner Denny Hamlin arrive in the Western District of North Carolina on Monday Dec 1, 2025 in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Jenna Fryer, File)
NASCAR vice chair Lesa France Kennedy enters federal court in Charlotte, N.C., on Wednesday Dec 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Jenna Fryer)
NASCAR chairman Jim France enters federal court in Charlotte, N.C., on Wednesday Dec 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Jenna Fryer)
Michael Jordan arrives in the Western District of North Carolina on Monday Dec 1, 2025 for the start of the antitrust trial between 23XI Racing and Front Row Motorsports against NASCAR, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Jenna Fryer)
