China built the world's largest and most comprehensive conservancy infrastructure network that benefits the largest population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), according to data released by the Ministry of Water Resources on Wednesday.
The data showed that 88 rivers had been restored by the end of September this year, following the launch of the "mother river rejuvenation" action plan in 2022, with 79 of those rivers fully reconnected to the nation’s river network.
In the Haihe River Basin, 30 previously dried-up rivers have started flowing again and 102 springs have been restored, reversing a long-standing trend of dry channels and polluted waters, according to the ministry.
Between 2021 to 2025, China invested more than one trillion yuan (about 140 billion U.S. dollars) in water conservancy projects for three consecutive years, breaking historical records. The investment funded a new generation of water source, diversion, and irrigation projects, boosting the nation's total water supply capacity to 900 billion cubic meters.
The first phase of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project's eastern and middle routes, the backbone and main artery of the country's major water network, delivered more than 83 billion cubic meters in total, benefiting about 195 million people. The water network coverage rate is expected to reach 80.3 percent by the end of 2025.
"Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, [we] have been focusing on high-quality development and ensuring China's water security so as to comprehensively advance water conservancy infrastructure construction, which has helped form the world's largest and most functional water conservancy infrastructure system that benefits the largest population," said Zhang Xiangwei, director of the Department of Planning and Programming at the Ministry of Water Resources.
From 2021 to 2025, China has built 95,000 water reservoirs with a total capacity exceeding one trillion cubic meters. The country now ranks first globally in the number and types of reservoirs and the number of high dams.
Also, during the 14th Five-Year Plan, irrigated arable land has expanded to 1.09 billion mu (about 72.7 million hectares) across China, providing crucial water resources to support a record grain output of more than 700 million tonnes in 2024.
In addition, China has established the world's largest centralized rural water supply system, with 96 percent of the rural population expected to have access to tap water by the end of 2025.
China’s water infrastructures advance rapidly during 14th Five-Year Plan period
Smart technologies have reshaped China's ecological and environmental monitoring system, Huang Runqiu, minister of Ecology and Environment, said Thursday in Beijing on the sidelines of the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress(NPC).
"Regarding ecological and environmental monitoring, we have been promoting the digitalization, informatization, and intelligentization of the entire monitoring process in recent years, reshaping the ecological and environmental monitoring system. For instance, in water environment monitoring and sampling, we have used intelligent drones which can quickly locate sampling points, collect samples accurately, return rapidly, and they are safe and reliable, improving work efficiency by over 70 percent. They are particularly advantageous for sampling during flood seasons and in remote areas," Huang told the press.
"In terms of environmental sample analysis, we have developed 'lights-out laboratories' in recent years. As the name suggests, these labs operate without lights and are unattended. Through robotic arms, robots, and intelligent management systems, they achieve full-process automation and intelligence from sample handover, testing, and analysis to report generation. This has significantly enhanced work efficiency, increasing it by more than eightfold compared to traditional labs. More importantly, it reduces human interference, human error, and even data falsification," he said.
Thanks to the improved ecological and environmental supervision capabilities, the number of environmental violation cases nationwide has decreased from 130,000 five years ago to 43,000 last year, representing a decline of 68 percent, Huang said.
The minister said China has already applied environmental DNA technology in the biodiversity monitoring work.
"In the field of biodiversity monitoring, monitoring aquatic organisms remains a weak point. However, significant progress has been made in recent years as we have developed environmental DNA technology. Although this chip is very small in size, it contains DNA detection information for aquatic organisms, including the finless porpoise and the Chinese sucker, from 19 state-controlled sections in the Jiangsu segment of the Yangtze River. The results showed that over the past five years, more than 20 species of aquatic organisms have increased in this river section, fully demonstrating the tangible effectiveness of the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River," Huang said while showing a chip to reporters.
The 14th NPC, China's national legislature, concluded its fourth session on Thursday.
Smart technologies reshape China's ecological, environmental monitoring system: minister
