France should seek to deepen cooperation with Chinese industrial and technology sectors where China has grown into a global giant, said French scholars ahead of President Emmanuel Macron’s visit to China.
Macron is scheduled to pay a three-day state visit to China from December 3 to 5. It will be his fourth state visit to China and a reciprocal visit to President Xi Jinping's historic state visit to France last year that marked the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Sacha Courtial, an EU-China associate researcher at the Jacques Delors Institute, a European think tank, said that China's rapid rise in technology and advanced manufacturing marks a seismic shift with major consequences for Europe.
"So we have seen an increasing upgrading of the Chinese producing system from 20 years ago only a manufacturer of goods of low quality to now a dominant capacity on high level, high value chain producing goods and services. And this of course creates challenges for Europe and for France because we see many private companies that before were dominant on the global scale and now are challenged by some of Chinese private companies, such as in the EVs (electric vehicles) for instance," he said.
China accounted for more than 70 percent of global EV production in 2024, according to the International Energy Agency.
Loic Harriet, director of the Eklore-ed School of Management in France, said that European countries including France are becoming increasingly dependent on Chinese products.
"I like to tell my students this. Well, look at what you have on you now, on your table, on your desk, and so on. What is made in France? What is made in China? In fact, we have to be very pragmatic once again. Today, we are dependent on China," he said.
For many in France, deeper cooperation is not only about economics, but about long-term diplomacy, cultural exchange and a recognition of China's growing role on the world stage.
"Today France has a real chance to work with China, especially as cooperation with the United States has become complicated. I see a genuine opportunity to build long-term, cooperative, co-constructed partnerships with China based on mutual understanding," said Harriet.
French scholars eye deepening relations with China ahead of Macron's visit
French scholars eye deepening relations with China ahead of Macron's visit
Major breakthroughs by Chinese scientists have laid the foundation for a future where space-based solar power stations are capable of wirelessly transmitting energy to Earth and spacecraft, though significant engineering problems remain.
A research team from Xidian University in northwest China's Shaanxi Province has made significant progress on the Sun Chasing project, or "Zhuri" in Chinese. The team has developed a ground-based test system for wireless power transmission that can charge multiple moving targets at the same time.
In recent tests, the system achieved a wireless power transmission efficiency of 20.8 percent from direct current to direct current over a distance of 100 meters. It delivered 1,180 watts of power. The team has also built a wireless charging system for drones. In a test, a drone flying at 30 kilometers per hour was able to receive 143 watts of stable power from 30 meters away.
A space solar power station works exactly as its name suggests: a huge array of solar panels placed in orbit. It would collect sunlight in space, where the sun always shines, and then convert that energy into microwaves or lasers to beam down to Earth or directly to satellites and spacecraft. This could address two significant issues: supplying uninterrupted power for space missions and alleviating energy shortages on the ground.
"The construction of space solar power stations could become a major undertaking in the future. One potential benefit is access to a virtually unlimited power supply. Because energy can be collected continuously in space 24 hours a day, electricity could be supplied on an uninterrupted basis," said Fan Guanheng, an associate professor at the School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering at Xidian University.
"Secondly, it could reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, thereby lowering carbon emissions and helping protect the environment. Thirdly, it could support the development of charging infrastructure in space and enable wireless microwave charging for spacecraft, changing the way power is supplied to space vehicles," the professor added.
In 2018, the research team launched the first phase of the Sun Chasing project to build a ground test system. By June 2022, they had completed the world's first full-link, full-system ground validation system for a space solar power station. Now, the team has moved to phase two. The goal now is to solve the challenges of generating high power in space and transmitting it efficiently over long distances.
According to Duan Baoyan, an expert at Xidian University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, recent breakthroughs include improving the efficiency of solar energy collection and conversion, increasing the precision of microwave beam control to reduce energy loss, and making the transmitting and receiving antennas smaller and lighter, which is critical for space application.
The team has also solved the problem of how to power multiple moving targets at once using a single transmitter. This means that in the future, one space power station could potentially supply electricity to several satellites or ground vehicles at the same time, Duan said.
Despite the advances in ground-based validation, a series of technical challenges must still be overcome before the technology can be deployed in space.
"The first issue that needs to be addressed is the adaptability of components to the space environment, as conditions in space are completely different from those on Earth, including radiation exposure and extreme temperatures. Another challenge involves the deployment and retraction design of transmitting and receiving antennas. We also need to develop thermal management systems to cope with extreme temperatures and temperature fluctuations in space. These are all areas where further breakthroughs are needed," said Qian Sihao, an associate professor at the School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering at Xidian University.
"We have now completed the development and validation of a ground-based test system, and our next step is to carry out in-orbit wireless microwave power transmission," Fan said.
With ground validation complete, the team now turns its attention to overcoming the harsh realities of space, aiming to demonstrate in-orbit wireless power transmission and bring the vision of orbital solar energy closer to reality.
Space-to-earth solar power moves closer to reality although hurdles remain: scientists
