China's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 5 percent year on year in 2025, meeting the annual target of around 5 percent, official data showed Monday.
Despite a complex domestic and external environment, China's economy advanced under pressure, achieving fresh progress in high-quality development, head of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Kang Yi told a press conference in Beijing.
"According to preliminary calculations, the GDP was 140.1879 trillion yuan (about 20.01 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2025, an increase of 5.0 percent over the previous year at constant prices. In terms of industries, the value added of the primary industry was 9.33 trillion yuan, up by 3.9 percent over last year, that of the secondary industry was 49.97 trillion yuan, up by 4.5 percent, and that of the tertiary industry was 80.89 trillion yuan, up by 5.4 percent," said Kang.
"China's GDP grew by 5.4 percent year on year in the first quarter, 5.2 percent in the second quarter, 4.8 percent in the third quarter and 4.5 percent in the fourth quarter. The GDP for the fourth quarter increased by 1.2 percent on a quarterly basis," Kang said.
He said that the main goals and tasks for economic and social development were fully achieved in 2025, bringing the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025) to a successful conclusion.
Facing abrupt changes in the external environment and mounting domestic difficulties and challenges, China adopted more proactive and effective macro policies, which helped offset adverse external shocks and stabilize the foundation for development amid headwinds, said Kang.
China's GDP grows 5 pct in 2025, hitting annual target
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Tuesday revealed an artificial intelligence (AI) model system supporting scientific research, empowering multiple scientific domains including mathematics, physics and biology.
This marks a transition in AI-driven scientific research from fragmented and isolated exploration toward collaborative, efficient and platform-based innovation.
Named ScienceOne 100, the model system has been built on the basis of the scientific foundation model ScienceOne, with a cluster of multidisciplinary domain-specific large models.
ScienceOne provides three core functions: literature compass, innovation evaluation and agent factory, empowering the entire research and innovation workflow.
ScienceOne was released in 2025 and trained on professional scientific corpus and data. Its latest version has achieved flagship-level performance for scientific knowledge and agentic long-horizon reasoning, and has attained state-of-the-art results in terms of multiple benchmarks related to scientific image understanding and manipulation.
The model system currently comprises eight domain-specific large models, covering mathematics, physics, materials science, astronomy, environmental science, aerospace, geosciences and biology.
Zeng Dajun, deputy director of the Institute of Automation at CAS, cited the system's application in materials design as an example.
"In the design of various materials, catalyst design is a critical step. In the past, developing a new catalyst was highly time-consuming, requiring extensive literature review and numerous experiments. Now, with the ScienceOne 100 model system, research efficiency can be boosted by dozens of times," said Zeng.
The system has already been deployed and applied across over 50 CAS institutes, covering more than 100 research scenarios.
It has demonstrated tremendous potential in typical applications such as high-speed rail flow field reconstruction, spectral identification, materials discovery, adjuvant design, astronomical observation, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau scientific expedition, marine forecasting and ecological research.
Chinese Academy of Sciences unveils AI model system for scientific research
