It could be weeks or months before the winner of Israel's election is known

Polling stations in Israel will close on Tuesday evening, but it could be weeks before Benjamin Netanyahu or one of his opponents will be declared the next prime minister.

It might even require another election.

That's because Israelis vote for parties and not candidates. None of the several main parties is expected to win anywhere close to a 61-seat majority in Israel's parliament, known as the Knesset. So the next prime minister will have to cobble together a coalition.

Polls show a tight race between coalitions supporting Netanyahu and his main opponent, retired Gen. Gadi Eisenkot. In the end, both could fall short of a 61-seat majority, meaning another election would be held in the coming months with Netanyahu's government staying on as a caretaker.

Here's a look at the process.

Shortly after polls close at 10 p.m. local time (1900 GMT), Israel's three main television broadcasters will release exit polls estimating how many seats were won by each party.

The exit polls usually provide a good indication of how people have voted. But they also could vary and may not be borne out by the official results, which will be released in the coming days.

The Associated Press calls thousands of elections in the United States, but doesn't declare winners in foreign elections.

If, as expected, neither coalition pulls off a clear victory, then the coming weeks will see intense negotiations and bargaining among party leaders as they try to get to 61 seats.

Israel's largely ceremonial president, Isaac Herzog, will hold consultations with all the party leaders after the election and ask the candidate who appears most likely to form a coalition to do so. If that candidate is unable to assemble a majority within a maximum of six weeks, then others could be given a shot.

The process gives outsized power to smaller parties that can often provide a crucial margin. The leaders of the bigger parties typically woo them with promises of Cabinet positions, budgets or specific policies.

This election could in theory be decided by Arab-led parties.

Both Netanyahu and Eisenkot have so far ruled out any partnership with them. But they could allow Eisenkot to form a minority government by backing him from outside the coalition or even just abstaining from the Knesset vote to seat the next government.

If, after all the negotiations, no one is able to form a majority, a new election would be held in the next few months and the process would repeat itself.

Netanyahu's government would remain as a caretaker and public services wouldn't be affected. But it would lack the authority to enact major policy changes.

Even another election may not resolve matters.

The last national election held in Israel, in November 2022, was the fifth in 3½ years.

The Israeli flag flies along a seaside promenade as pedestrians pass by, Sunday, Oct. 25, 2026, in Tel Aviv, Israel. (AP Photo/David Goldman)

People cross a bridge beneath an election campaign billboard featuring Gadi Eisenkot, leader of Yashar ("Straight") party, ahead of Israel's general election in Ramat Gan, Israel, Sunday, Oct. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, leader of the Likud party, gestures to supporters as security personnel surround him during a campaign appearance at a market in Tel Aviv, Israel, Thursday, Oct. 22, 2026, ahead of the country's general election. (AP Photo/Ariel Schalit)

An audience member looks on as Gadi Eisenkot, leader of the Yashar ("Straight") party speaks at a campaign rally ahead of Israel's general election, Sunday, Oct. 25, 2026, in Tel Aviv, Israel. (AP Photo/David Goldman)

The U.S. government isn't doing enough to fight the surge in cyberscams, and partnerships with the private sector remain fragmented and voluntary, an investigation into the global scam industry led by the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress has found.

The government doesn't even have a unified accounting of how much money has been seized from overseas scam compounds, nor how much has been returned to victims, according to the report, released Tuesday by ranking Democrats Sen. Maggie Hassan and Rep. Don Beyer.

Citing findings from a yearlong investigation into global scams by The Associated Press and FRONTLINE, the report called for greater collaboration across agencies, support for victims, and deeper private sector engagement.

“Transnational criminal organizations run massive compounds that exploit U.S. technology, including AI, to carry out scams against Americans with devastating consequences,” Hassan said in an email. “The scale of this exponentially growing challenge requires Congress, the Administration, and the private sector to all strengthen their efforts.”

The report, which the AP obtained before its release, made clear how hard it is for scam victims to get their money back, despite the quickening pace of seizures announced by a variety of U.S. government agencies.

The FBI told the committee that it returned $336 million to scam victims in 2025.

The Federal Trade Commission reported that it had returned $1.83 billion to fraud victims in fiscal year 2025, but couldn't determine how much of that money had been lost to overseas scam compounds.

The U.S. Secret Service returned more than $770 million in seized assets to fraud victims in fiscal years 2024 and 2025, but noted the money had come from a range of fraud schemes.

The U.S. State Department said that foreign law enforcement agencies that receive support from the department had seized proceeds “in the low hundreds of millions of dollars,” but told Congress to ask the Departments of Justice, Homeland Security and Treasury for details.

Taken together, that only adds up to a fraction of what victims have lost. Americans reported cyberfraud losses of nearly $18 billion — that’s more than $2 million an hour — last year to the FBI. Many don’t even report the crime.

The report also expressed concern that even as criminal scam networks expand into more countries, U.S. State Department cutbacks eliminated at least one anti-scam program in Bangladesh, which had been training local law enforcement to conduct cyberfraud investigations.

Bangladesh is an emerging hub for global scam operations, according to a report last month by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime that was funded by the European Union.

The U.S. State Department, which said it has 60 employees in the U.S. and Asia who dedicate significant time to fighting overseas scam compounds, told the committee that it “has the tools it needs to combat the threat internationally.”

The report urged Congress to pass pending legislation that would mandate a unified federal strategy to combat scams and establish a central location for victims to report losses and seek help. The White House has also advocated for greater federal coordination.

Several Justice Department officials told Congress that private sector companies should focus more on scam prevention, but U.S. regulators and lawmakers have so far not created clear incentives for them to do so. Unlike the 27-nation EU, the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, the United States has stopped short of holding technology, telecommunications or financial services companies potentially liable if they fail to do enough to protect consumers from scams.

Kate Griffin, a director at the Aspen Institute’s financial security program, said that there has been important progress, but the U.S. still lacks “durable, sustainable scam prevention.”

“We don’t see that showing up yet in reduced victimization,” she said. “And that’s what really needs to happen.”

This story is part of an ongoing collaboration between The Associated Press and FRONTLINE (PBS) that includes the documentary “Scammed.” Watch the documentary at pbs.org/frontline, in the PBS App and on FRONTLINE’s YouTube channel.

The sun rises behind the Capitol Dome in Washington, Tuesday, Oct. 20, 2026, two weeks before the midterm elections that will determine political control of Congress. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)