Making, drinking arak a source of national pride in Lebanon

Every part of Lebanon's national drink, arak, is infused with tradition — from distilling the aniseed-tinged liquor to the ritual of mixing it at the table, when the transparent liquid suddenly turns milky white as water is added.

Arak is a staple of big Sunday meals. With a sweet taste and high alcohol content, around 40 percent, it's best consumed with food — lots of it. That makes it perfect for Lebanon's traditional meze, spreads of never-ending small dishes that family and friends Iinger over for hours.

Aficionados say arak is vital to digesting the homemade raw meat dishes that are central to a meze. The real impact comes at the end of the meal, when you stand up after all that eating and the alcohol from glass after glass really hits.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a Syrian woman harvests Syrah grapes, which will be crushed, fermented and after triple distillation will become Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, arak, in the village of Ammik, east Lebanon. The anise-tinged arak, is surrounded by ritual -- from its distilling down to the moment when it’s mixed, turning milky white in water, and drunk over long, lingering meals. (AP PhotoHussein Malla) (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

But the tradition is facing competition in Lebanon as young generations opt for liquors like vodka or whiskey that are easier to mix and drink — without a meal.

Arak is comparable to Greece's Ouzo or Turkey's Raki, which are also grape-based drinks with the licorice-like flavor of anise. Lebanese say arak is smoother. Many families make it at home, each boasting their particular flavor and kick. Restaurants often serve both commercially produced versions and homemade varieties, known as "Arak Baladeh." Regulars usually opt for the homemade.

With so much home production, it is hard to tell how much arak is made. Lebanon's Blom Bank estimated in 2016 that around 2 billion bottles a year are produced in the country, with nearly a quarter of it exported, mostly for Lebanese expats yearning for their local drink.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a Syrian worker harvests Syrah grapes, which will be crushed, fermented and after triple distillation will become Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, arak, in the village of Ammik, east Lebanon. The anise-tinged arak, is surrounded by ritual -- from its distilling down to the moment when it’s mixed, turning milky white in water, and drunk over long, lingering meals. (AP PhotoHussein Malla) (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

At a recent festival in Taanayel, a town east of Beirut, several commercial companies and smaller boutique houses showcased their araks in a celebration aimed at promoting the drink to the young.

Christiane Issa, whose family owns one of Lebanon's largest arak producers, Doumaine de Tourelles, said the drink is a natural digestif. It was a nod to Lebanon's growing market for holistic and natural products.

"The most important thing about arak is that our grandfathers used herbs to treat illness, not medicine. They believed in herbs, so they chose to make arak with green anise because it has anethole, a compound that aids digestion," said Issa, the company's administrative manager.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, workers unload freshly picked grapes to be cleaned and begin the process that turns them into arak, Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, at the Doumaine de Tourelles winery, in the town of Chtaura east Lebanon. Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for at least a year, making it smoother. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

Some Beirut bars have introduced an infused version of arak, adding a twig of basil or rosemary, to attract young drinkers. Issa suggests watermelon.

Passions run strong over every detail of arak tradition.

It is to be drunk from small glasses — bigger than a shot glass but smaller than an Old Fashioned glass — arranged on a tray at the top of a table laden with meze. A new glass is used with each new serving. Some prefer to drink it in a tall glass.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, workers remove stalks and leaves from freshly picked grapes before the process that turns them into arak, Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, at the Doumaine de Tourelles winery, in the town of Chtaura, east Lebanon. Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for at least a year, making it smoother. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

It is often mixed in a traditional glass pitcher, round with a short beak-like spout. That makes it easy to drink straight from the pitcher when the party really gets going.

Drinkers staunchly debate the best way to mix.

Some prefer half water, half arak — a strong, sweet mix, usually not for the newbies. More common is one-third arak to two-thirds water, to prolong the drinking and the gathering.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a worker checks clay jugs of arak, Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, at the Doumaine de Tourelles winery, in the town of Chtaura, east Lebanon. Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for a year, making it smoother. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

The ice cubes are another discussion. For some, the glass is filled with ice cubes first before pouring the drink. Those truly religious about the drink insist that ice must come last.

No one can clearly explain the difference, but theories abound. Some say arak is further weakened if the ice is already sitting in the glass. Others say, don't question tradition.

The making of arak is a family affair, with secrets passed from one generation to another.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a worker carries bag of anise that is used to produce arak, Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, at the Doumaine de Tourelles winery, in the town of Chtaura, east Lebanon. Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for a year, making it smoother. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

Central to the process is a triple distillation using a still called a "karakeh" in Arabic.

The harvest is in September and October. The grapes are crushed and left to ferment for three weeks. The mix is then put in the lower part of the karakeh, where it is heated until it evaporates and cooled in the top part by a stream of cold water. At this stage, it is pure alcohol. Anise and water may be added in the second or third distillation. The mix is what makes each house's taste unique.

Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for a year, making it smoother, Issa said.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a worker checks on a brass still called a “karakeh” in Arabic, during a triple distillation process to make arak, Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, at the Doumaine de Tourelles winnery, in the town of Chtaura, east Lebanon. Homemade arak usually goes straight into gallon containers after distillation, ready for drinking. In commercial production, the arak sits in clay jugs for a year, making it smoother. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

"Wine ages but arak rests," Issa said.

Issa's father introduced a new technique, letting it sit in the clay jugs for five years before going to market. Her family bought Doumaine de Tourelles 18 years ago and now it produces 350,000 bottles a year of Arak Brun, named after the Frenchman who founded it in 1868.

At the Taanayel festival, visitors sipped on the sweet drink with their meals.

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, a woman carries arak in a traditional glass pitcher during a festival that celebrates Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, in the town of Taanayel, east Lebanon. At the festival several commercial companies and smaller boutique houses showcased their araks in a celebration aimed at promoting the drink to the young. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

Michel Sabat was marketing his new Arak al-Naim, or "Arak of Paradise."

He said with so many producers, arak can only get better.

"There is a lot of competition here in Lebanon, so those who produce arak have to make sure it is very good quality."

In this Saturday Sept. 8, 2018 photo, Lebanese raise their glasses of arak in a toast during a festival that celebrates Lebanon's national alcoholic drink, in the town of Taanayel, east Lebanon. The anise-tinged arak, is surrounded by ritual -- from its distilling down to the moment when it’s mixed, turning milky white in water, and drunk over long, lingering meals. (AP PhotoHussein Malla)

JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel on Tuesday said it had suspended more than two dozen humanitarian organizations, including Doctors Without Borders and CARE, from operating in the Gaza Strip for failing to comply with new registration rules.

Israel says the rules are aimed at preventing Hamas and other militant groups from infiltrating the aid organizations. But the organizations say the rules are arbitrary and warned that the new ban would harm a civilian population desperately in need of humanitarian aid.

Israel has claimed throughout the war that Hamas was siphoning off aid supplies, a charge the U.N. and aid groups have denied. The new rules, announced by Israel early this year, require aid organizations to register the names of their workers and provide details about funding and operations in order to continue working in Gaza.

The new regulations included ideological requirements — including disqualifying organizations that have called for boycotts against Israel, denied the Oct. 7 attack or expressed support for any of the international court cases against Israeli soldiers or leaders.

Israel’s Ministry of Diaspora Affairs said more than 30 groups — about 15% of the organizations operating in Gaza — had failed to comply and that their operations would be suspended. It also said that Doctors Without Borders, one of the biggest and best-known groups in Gaza, had failed to respond to Israeli claims that some of its workers were affiliated with Hamas or Islamic Jihad.

“The message is clear: humanitarian assistance is welcome — the exploitation of humanitarian frameworks for terrorism is not,” Diaspora Affairs Minister Amichai Chikli said.

Doctors Without Borders, also known by its French acronym MSF, said Israel's decision would have a catastrophic impact on their work in Gaza, where they support around 20% of the hospital beds and a third of births. The organization also denied Israel's accusations about their staff.

“MSF would never knowingly employ people engaging in military activity,” it said.

While Israel claimed the decision would have limited impact on the ground. the affected organizations said the timing — less than three months into a fragile ceasefire — was devastating.

“Despite the ceasefire, the needs in Gaza are enormous and yet we and dozens of other organizations are and will continue to be blocked from bringing in essential life-saving assistance,” said Shaina Low, communications adviser for the Norwegian Refugee Council, which has also been suspended.

“Not being able to send staff into Gaza means all of the workload falls on our exhausted local staff,” Low said.

Some aid groups say they didn’t submit the list of Palestinian staff, as Israel demanded, for fear they’d be targeted by Israel, and because of data protection laws in Europe.

“It comes from a legal and safety perspective. In Gaza, we saw hundreds of aid workers get killed,” Low explained.

The decision not to renew aid groups’ licenses means offices in Israel and East Jerusalem will close, and organizations won’t be able to send international staff or aid into Gaza.

According to the ministry, the decision means the aid groups will have their license revoked on Jan. 1, and if they are located in Israel, they will need to leave by March 1. They can appeal the decision.

The Israeli defense body that oversees humanitarian aid to Gaza, COGAT, said that the organizations on the list contribute less than 1% of the total aid going into the Gaza Strip, and that aid will continue to enter from more than 20 organizations that did receive permits to continue operating.

“The registration process is intended to prevent the exploitation of aid by Hamas, which in the past operated under the cover of certain international aid organizations, knowingly or unknowingly,” COGAT said in a statement.

This isn't the first time Israel has tried to crack down on international humanitarian organizations. Throughout the war, Israel accused the U.N. Relief and Works Agency, or UNRWA, of being infiltrated by Hamas, using its facilities and taking aid. The United Nations has denied it. UNRWA, the top U.N. agency working with Palestinians, has denied knowingly aiding armed groups and says it acts quickly to purge any suspected militants..

After months of criticism from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his far-right allies, Israel banned UNRWA from operating on its territory in January. The U.S., formerly the largest donor to UNRWA, halted funding to the agency in early 2024.

Israel failed to confirm that the data collected from the new regulations wouldn't be used for military or intelligence purposes, raising serious security concerns, said Athena Rayburn, the executive director of AIDA, an umbrella organization representing over 100 organizations that operate in the Palestinian territories. She noted that more than 500 aid workers have been killed in Gaza during the war.

“Agreeing for a party to the conflict to vet our staff, especially under the conditions of occupation, is a violation of humanitarian principles, specifically neutrality and independence,” she said.

Rayburn said organizations expressed their concerns and offered alternatives to submitting staff lists, such as third-party vetting, but that Israel refused to engage in any dialogue.

A 10-year-old girl was killed and another person was wounded by Israeli fire in Gaza City near the Yellow Line that delineates areas under Israeli control, the territory's Shifa Hospital said Tuesday.

The Israeli military did not immediately comment on the incident but have said troops operating near the Yellow Line will target anyone who approaches or threatens soldiers.

The Gaza Health Ministry, part of the Hamas-run government, said on Monday that 71,266 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza, not including the girl. The ministry does not differentiate between civilians and combatants in its count. The United Nations and independent experts consider the Health Ministry the most reliable source on war casualties. Israel disputes its figures but has not provided its own.

Find more of AP’s Israel-Hamas coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war.

A Palestinian woman walks along a street surrounded by buildings destroyed during Israeli air and ground operations in the Sheikh Radwan neighborhood, in Gaza City, Tuesday, Dec. 30, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)

Palestinians stand next to a tent set up on the rubble of buildings destroyed during Israeli air and ground operations in the Sheikh Radwan neighborhood, in Gaza City, Tuesday, Dec. 30, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)

Palestinians pass along a street surrounded by buildings destroyed during Israeli air and ground operations in the Sheikh Radwan neighborhood, in Gaza City, Tuesday, Dec. 30, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)