Humanoid robots could have disruptive impact on society as technology advances: sci-fi novelist

Despite their vast potential for practical benefits, humanoid robots could have a disruptive impact on human society as technology advances, said Liu Cixin, a celebrated science fiction writer and Hugo Award-winning novelist, ahead of the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon, set to take place in Beijing on Saturday.

Spanning more than 21 kilometers, the half-marathon will require participating bipedal robots to execute approximately 250,000 precise joint movements.

The event marks a significant milestone in the development of embodied AI and humanoid robotics.

In an interview with China Central Television (CCTV), Liu said he believed the race would offer the public a chance to better understand the capabilities of humanoid robots. He also noted that robots with practical functions -- such as caring for the elderly and patients or performing household chores -- would have significant market potential.

"I think the robot marathon is more of a showcase. The robots demonstrate their ability to move in a stable, balanced way while running, similar to those performing traditional Yangge dances at this year's Spring Festival Gala, which showed the public what robots are capable of today. Their physical form is also practical. For example, robots that can assist the elderly or care for patients have huge market potential. Household robots that can handle chores are also extremely useful. Of course, robots haven’t reached that level yet. But once they do, the market will be enormous, and the impact on daily life will be profound,” he said.

However, Liu said that once a revolutionary breakthrough allows for the creation of robots indistinguishable from humans, the societal impact could be profoundly disruptive -- to a degree that is difficult to imagine, even in science fiction.

"The ultimate goal of developing embodied robots may be to create machines that are indistinguishable from humans. Once that technology is realized, its impact on society could be truly disruptive. If we can no longer tell a robot from a human -- whether by intelligence or appearance -- the consequences would be hard to imagine, even in science fiction novels," he said.

The military aid from European countries to Ukraine has been posting continued drops since the beginning of summer, according to a report released by Germany's Kiel Institute on Wednesday.

According to the report, from September to October this year, Ukraine received about 4.2 billion euros worth of military aid from European countries, while in the same period last year, the military aid from Europe and the United States to the country was over seven billion euros.

The report said annual allocations to Ukraine averaged roughly 41.6 billion euros from 2022 to 2024, but only about 32.5 billion euros have been allocated so far in 2025.

It also noted widening disparities in military aid contributions within Europe, with France, Germany, and the United Kingdom expanding their allocations substantially, while Italy and Spain having hardly increased their support.