TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) — At 100 years old, Lee Grant knows the cost of McCarthyism better than almost anyone else on the planet.
One of the last surviving actors to be blacklisted during the anti-communist Red Scare, the Academy Award-winning performer is speaking out against Florida's new social studies teaching standards, which critics have warned are aimed at rewriting one of the most repressive chapters in American history.
“It’s a lie and a distortion of the truth of history,” Grant said in an interview with The Associated Press.
In 1951, Grant's star was on the rise. But just as her career was taking off, it was derailed and she was blacklisted, barred from working in film or television for the next 12 years after she refused to name names in front of the congressional committee that investigated so-called “un-American activities.”
“Me? Turn in friends?” she said, adding “That's not the way I am raised.”
Reflecting on how political persecution changed her own life, Grant said she sees echoes of McCarthyism in today’s politics, pointing to President Donald Trump’s fights with the media and wondering how long his critics will be able to continue speaking out.
“As an old blacklisted actor, director,” Grant said, “I keep worrying.”
The teaching standards approved last week for middle- and high school students by the Florida Board of Education include instruction on the use of “‘McCarthyism’ as an insult” and how using the terms “red-baiter and Red Scare” amounts to “slander against anti-communists.”
Florida's standards soften decades of criticism of former U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy, who led a political movement to root out what he labeled as communism in government, the Civil Rights Movement and artistic communities in the late 1940s and early 1950s. McCarthy and others tried to silence political opponents by accusing them of being communists or socialists, using fear and public accusations to suppress basic free speech rights.
The public inquisitions, ideological loyalty tests and firings of that period are seen now as a shameful period that upended the lives and careers of scores of actors, writers, activists and public servants. The term “McCarthyism” became synonymous with baseless attacks on free expression, and the U.S. Supreme Court has referred to the phenomena in several First Amendment-related rulings.
Born Lyova Rosenthal and raised in Manhattan, Grant made her Hollywood debut playing the shoplifter in the film “Detective Story” alongside Kirk Douglas, a role that earned Grant an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actress.
Grant was not herself a member of the Communist Party, a point of contention in her first marriage to screenwriter Arnold Manoff, who was a communist. But Grant spoke out at the memorial service of an actor friend who died of a heart attack six months after being questioned by the congressional committee, saying that “being blacklisted killed him.”
“That was how I was blacklisted. That was the act,” she recalled.
Soon after, Grant's name appeared on a list, alongside artists like Orson Welles, Leonard Bernstein, Arthur Miller and Lena Horne.
“We live in a democracy that was being used as a fascist tool to stop people from thinking,” Grant said of the time.
Despite her yearslong ban in Hollywood, Grant was able to work in theater, which provided a haven for some blacklisted actors, and she continued fighting against the purge.
By 1954, public opinion and McCarthy's fellow senators turned on him, and in the 1960s, the blacklist's hold on Hollywood loosened.
Grant ultimately went on to have a storied career, despite the years lost to being blacklisted. She made a comeback in the 1967 film “In the Heat of the Night" alongside Sidney Poitier, channeling her anger as a distraught woman outraged by the prejudice of local authorities investigating her husband's murder.
She went on to win an Academy Award for best supporting actress for her role in the 1975 film “Shampoo” alongside Warren Beatty. She later became a documentary filmmaker, directing “Down and Out in America," which won the Oscar for best feature-length documentary in 1987.
Florida’s new teaching benchmarks, which will go into effect in the 2026-2027 school year, were prompted by a law signed by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis last year requiring instruction on communism and the “threat” it's posed to the U.S.
The move followed the Republican-controlled Legislature’s designation of Nov. 7 as Victims of Communism Day in Florida’s public schools, to include at least 45 minutes of instruction on figures such as former Chinese leader Mao Zedong and Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
Under the new standards, Florida teachers should give instruction on efforts by “anti-communist politicians,” such as McCarthy, and the late Presidents Harry Truman and Richard Nixon.
Teachers are also instructed to identify “propaganda and defamation” used to “delegitimize” anti-communists.
“Instruction includes using ‘McCarthyism’ as an insult and shorthand for all anti-communism,” the new standards said. “Instruction includes slander against anti-communists, such as red-baiter and Red Scare.”
Kate Payne is a corps member for The Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues.
FILE - Sen. Joseph McCarthy gestures during a Senate subcommittee hearing in Washington, D.C., on McCarthy's charges of communist infiltration of the U.S. State Department, March 9, 1950. (AP Photo/Herbert K. White, File)
FILE - Actress Lee Grant arrives with her husband Joe Feury to a screening of "The Company" at the Paris Theater in New York, Dec. 16, 2003. (AP Photo/Louis Lanzano, File)
TRIKORFO, Greece (AP) — Can a centuries-old ritual of spiritual renewal rekindle a New Year’s resolution to build healthy eating habits before it fades in the spring?
For six weeks every year, millions of Orthodox Christians around the world adopt a largely vegan diet, abstaining from meat, dairy products, eggs, and fish with backbones. Oil and wine also are prohibited on weekdays during the 40-day Lenten period before Orthodox Easter, which often falls later than its Catholic and Anglican counterpart.
The annual adherence to a plant-based, Mediterranean-style meal plan drives a communal rediscovery of vegetables and oil-free cooking methods in majority-Orthodox countries.
In Greece, even McDonald’s franchises get into the lean Lent spirit by adding seasonal menu items that meet most of the proscriptions of the Greek Orthodox Church. The menu includes shrimp wraps, shrimp salad, vegetable spring rolls and plant-based McVeggie burgers but is not oil-free.
Although following Eastern Orthodox dietary guidelines before Easter is often referred to as fasting, the focus is on going without certain foods, not refraining from eating altogether. The rules are not rigid but can be adapted to account for personal needs.
Here’s a look at the annual alimentary tradition, along with reasons to consider sticking with a similar diet and cautionary advice from nutritionists.
Christian traditions diverge between East and West ahead of Easter, and not just in their methods for determining the most important date on their calendars. Catholics are encouraged to give up one or more personal indulgences during Lent but get to decide whether to deny themselves dessert, alcohol, video games, swearing or something else. Members of the Orthodox Church forgo animal products except for shellfish.
Gone are Greeks' beloved dishes like mousaka and souvlakia — grilled meat wrapped with toppings. So are dairy products like milk and cheese. Vertebrate fish like anchovies, mullet and hake are no-nos too, although shrimp, oysters and calamari are permitted.
On a lush coastal hillside in central Greece, 40 monks closely follow these rules at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim. The monks, who wear black robes and full beards, grow and harvest most of their own produce in the monastery's gardens, including an abudance of zucchini and tomatoes.
Their meals during Lent are basic but not bland. The monks have mastered methods to replicate familiar tastes and textures. Oven-roasted potatoes are coated with tahini instead of oil to preserve the crunch factor. Vegetable stock prepared from scratch gives lentil dishes a hearty flavor.
The monks listen to prayers read aloud as they eat.
Father Nektarios Moulatsiotis, the monastery's affable abbot, says the practice of fasting and following a restricted diet is essential for deep reflection and focus required for the spiritual preparation for Easter. He compares it to endurance training.
“In the same way someone goes to the gym to shape their body," Nektarios said, "the church is a gym for the soul.”
Occasional hunger pangs aren't something to resist; they are part of the plan. The idea is simple: less indulgence, more clarity.
“You cannot really pray, study, chant or do any spiritual exercise with a full stomach,” he said with a chuckle.
Nektarios argues that a nutritious yet disciplined diet can produce benefits that apply outside of a religious setting as much as inside of one, such as a sense of greater self-control and enhanced awareness.
Orthodox monks observe several fasting periods that limit what, when and how much they eat for most of the year. Researchers have studied their health and food intake for decades to determine if their customs hold any clues to preventing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and strokes.
However, the advantages of eating a balanced diet that includes whole grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes are well-established. Reduce consumption of meat, saturated fats and processed foods long enough, and the body typically responds.
“Fasting certainly has benefits, provided it’s done correctly,” Eirini Babaroutsi, a sports nutritionist at the Hellenic Athletics Federation, said. For example, Orthodox Christians tend to eat more fiber during Lent, which helps the digestive system function better, she said.
“It also matters what we do eat, not simply what we avoid," Babaroutsi said. "With the right combinations, we can get all the nutrients we need.”
Meals that meet the guidelines aren’t confined to the ingredients found in Orthodox-majority countries in Southern and Eastern Europe. Babaroutsi suggests porridge with oat milk, vegetable wraps with olive paste, and high-quality peanut butter as helpful international additions.
There are a few considerations.
A six-week fasting cycle is not advisable for older adults and young children, Babaroutsi said. The Eastern Orthodox church also exempts people with serious health conditions, special dietary requirements, and pregnant or nursing women from strict obedience.
Engaging in a post-Lent binge as a reward also is best avoided because loading up after a period of abstinence can strain the body, Babaroutsi said.
For those wary of making a full commitment, know that you're not alone. Orthodox Lent started on Feb. 23, but many Greeks participate only during Holy Week, which starts on April 5, Palm Sunday, and goes until April 11, the day before Orthodox Christians celebrate Easter this year.
Supermarkets and bakeries in Greece make it easier to abide by stocking fast, family-friendly meals and an assortment of seasonal goods.
These include jars of pickles and olives, bags of chickpeas and other pulses, squid sliced into rings in freezer cases, the creamy pink fish roe known as taramosalata, and slabs of unleavened bread shaped like small surfboards.
In central Athens, at the slippery-floored central fish market, vendors call out over piles of Lent-compliant clams, octopus and mussels, shoveling seafood into paper cones.
Gerasimos Mantalvanos, the market’s general manager, said many customers tend to overindulge when Easter Sunday's traditional lamb dishes and sweets arrive. For most, a spirit of moderation eventually returns, he said.
“It is good for eating habits to change from time to time during the year,” Mantalvanos said. “So a period of fasting, a little fish and some abstinence from meat, I think these are good for the body. It is a kind of small detox, a little break.”
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AP photographer Thanassis Stavrakis and videojournalist Srdjan Nedeljkovic contributed.
Father Seraphim carries a sack of feed for sheep at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim of Sarov in the village of Trikorfo, about 236 kilometers (147 miles) northwest of Athens, Friday, March 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)
A monk tends to plants at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim of Sarov in the village of Trikorfo, about 236 kilometers (147 miles) northwest of Athens, Friday, March 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)
Monks prepare the meals at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim of Sarov in the village of Trikorfo, about 236 kilometers (147 miles) northwest of Athens, Friday, March 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)
A monk prepares meals at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim of Sarov ahead of Easter as part of annual Lenten dietary restrictions in the village of Trikorfo, about 236 kilometers (147 miles) northwest of Athens, Friday, March 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)
Father Isaac serves lentils for the midday meal at the Monastery of St. Augustine and Seraphim of Sarov in the village of Trikorfo, about 236 kilometers (147 miles) northwest of Athens, Friday, March 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)
