HKU Co-hosts "The Nobel Heroes Forum: Shaping Science and Future" Convene World-Leading Minds to Forge Next Era of Discovery

The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings co-hosted "The Nobel Heroes Forum: Shaping Science and Future" recently, convening six Nobel laureates for thought-provoking discussions on how fundamental research drives progress in science, technology, health, and the global economy. Held at the Grand Hall of the Lee Shau Kee Lecture Centre on the Centennial Campus, the forum drew an audience of over 800 participants, fostering interdisciplinary exchange among some of the world’s most distinguished scientific minds.

Held at the Grand Hall of the Lee Shau Kee Lecture Centre on the Centennial Campus, the forum drew an audience of over 800 participants.. Photo source: HKU

The forum convened an extraordinary assembly of Nobel laureates: Professor Robert C. Merton, Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences laureate (1997); Professor Louis J. Ignarro, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1998); Professor Tim Hunt, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (2001); Professor Kurt Wüthrich, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate (2002); Professor Konstantin Novoselov, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (2010); and Professor Ferenc Krausz, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (2023) and HKU Chair Professor of Laser Physics. Distinguished attendees included Professor Xiang Zhang, President and Vice-Chancellor of HKU; Dr Peter Wong, Chairman of the HKU Council; Mr Eric Kwok-ki Chan, Chief Secretary for Administration of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Professor James Tang, Secretary-General of the University Grants Committee; and Mr Nikolaus Turner, Executive Director of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings.

Professor Xiang Zhang, President and Vice-Chancellor of HKU, delivers welcome remarks. Photo source: HKU

Professor Xiang Zhang remarked, “In today’s world, working together in science to achieve shared goals and promote global prosperity is increasingly challenging. We hope that, through the insights of six Nobel laureates, we can learn how to advance fundamental science, translate discoveries into practical applications, and benefit humanity, while navigating different challenges. HKU is committed to playing an important role in bridging international research collaborations. Ultimately, we believe that through mutual cooperation, science can transcend divisions, driving innovation and societal progress for the benefit of all.”

Mr Eric Kwok-ki Chan, Chief Secretary for Administration, delivers his speech at the forum. Photo source: HKU

Mr Eric Chan praised the forum’s role in advancing the Hong Kong’s innovation landscape, “Today’s dialogue is more than an academic event. It is a powerful convergence of the world’s finest scientific minds, right here in a city that is determined to play its part in global innovation. Hong Kong’s mission is clear and unwavering: to become a premier international innovation and technology centre. A hub where top scientists, scholars and entrepreneurs can thrive, collaborate and serve the world. To achieve this, the Government is fully committed. We are building a world-class ecosystem and nurturing the talent to power it.”

Mr Nikolaus Turner, Executive Director of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, delivers his remarks. Photo source: HKU

Mr Nikolaus Turner highlighted the collaboration’s global impact, “We are delighted to bring the Nobel Heroes to Hong Kong. In 2026, we will celebrate the 75th anniversary of our meetings in Lindau, Germany. Each year, we welcome outstanding young scientists from Hong Kong—bright minds shaping the future of research. We hope to attract even more talent from Hong Kong while building partnerships to sustain the unique intergenerational exchanges between young researchers and Nobel laureates.”

The first panel discussion, ‘Building the Future: From Molecules to Materials’, was moderated by Professor Xiang Zhang. Photo source: HKU

The forum featured two in-depth panel discussions moderated by HKU’s senior leadership. The first, ‘Building the Future: From Molecules to Materials’, was led by Professor Xiang Zhang and explored how fundamental discoveries in physics and chemistry unlocked new possibilities at the atomic and molecular levels. Panellists included Professors Krausz (Physics, 2023), Novoselov (Physics, 2010), and Wüthrich (Chemistry, 2002), who discussed topics ranging from visualising ultrafast atomic processes to engineering revolutionary materials with transformative applications.

The second discussion, ‘Decoding Complexity: Regulating Systems from the Cell to the Global Economy’, moderated by Professor Richard Wong, HKU Provost and Deputy Vice-Chancellor. Photo source: HKU

The second discussion, ‘Decoding Complexity: Regulating Systems from the Cell to the Global Economy’, moderated by Professor Richard Wong, HKU Provost and Deputy Vice-Chancellor, examined universal principles governing complex systems across biology and finance. Professors Ignarro (Physiology/Medicine, 1998), Merton (Economic Sciences, 1997), and Hunt (Physiology/Medicine, 2001) highlighted striking parallels in how feedback mechanisms maintain stability—whether in cellular processes or financial markets.

Professor Xiang Zhang and six Nobel Laureates. Photo source: HKU

The Forum underscored HKU’s commitment to advancing knowledge for the betterment of society, while reinforcing the vital role of basic research in addressing global challenges. The Forum was also made possible through the support of Laureates City Holdings Limited, Red Carpet Investments Limited, and Sunwah Kingsway Capital Holdings Limited, whose contributions were instrumental in bringing this prestigious event to fruition.

Distinguished guests and the Nobel Laureates. Photo source: HKU

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in Hong Kong and carries the highest mortality rate, not only locally but also globally. Professor Rina Hui, Director of the Centre for Cancer Medicine at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), said that cancer treatment is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with new breakthroughs emerging almost every fortnight. These include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that are often referred to as "smart chemotherapy", T-cell engagers, and bispecific antibodies, which combine two different antibodies.

With such rapid progress, the curriculum at HKU’s Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed) needs to keep pace. About a year and a half ago, the faculty launched an eight-month integrated cancer medicine course to equip medical students with the latest clinical cancer technologies.

Professor Rina Hui, Director of the Centre for Cancer Medicine at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), Photo by Bastille Post

Professor Hui told Bastille Post that, in Hong Kong, besides lung cancer, the most common cancers include colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. But lung cancer remains the biggest challenge, since its mortality rate is higher than the other three combined.

She said that besides smoking, other risk factors for lung cancer include second‑hand smoke, the second largest contributor, as well as family history, air pollution, kitchen fumes, occupational exposure (e.g., asbestos and radon), and prior radiotherapy. Smoking, however, remains by far the leading cause.

EGFR Mutations Common in HK Lung Adenocarcinoma

Professor Hui noted that Hong Kong's smoking rate has dropped to 8.5%, according to the latest figures released by the Health Bureau in April. While smoking‑related cancers like small cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma are declining, lung adenocarcinoma is increasing, with half of patients carrying EGFR mutations. "Knowing the cancer type and genetic status is the first step for effective treatment," she said.

She also emphasised that the earlier one quits smoking, the lower the risk of getting cancer. "Quitting need not be abrupt. Nicotine patches and chewing gum can serve as supportive aids. The essential step is to discard all cigarettes, eliminate temptation, and reframe quitting as a long‑term health investment," she advised.

Professor Hui suggested that lung cancer screening is essential for high‑risk individuals. Photo source: reference image

Lung Cancer Screening: Essential for High‑Risk Individuals

Last year, the government announced plans to commission local universities to conduct AI‑assisted lung cancer screening. Professor Hui said that HKU and CUHK are currently running relevant trials, given their importance.

"High‑risk people, like those aged 50 to 75, heavy smokers (30 pack‑years), and those exposed to second‑hand smoke, should get screened regularly," she said. "Taiwan offers a noteworthy approach, where they screen non‑smokers with a family history of lung cancer."

She acknowledged that free lung cancer screening for every individual in Hong Kong is unlikely to be feasible at this stage, due to the high costs involved. However, screening could be carried out through collaboration between the government and private healthcare providers, targeting high‑risk groups. "As I tell my patients, getting screened is like saving up to pay taxes. You're actually gaining in the long run. Early detection means better outcomes and lower treatment costs."

She said that lung cancer treatment regimens are becoming increasingly advanced. "Patients with genetic alterations can use targeted therapies; those without can benefit from immunotherapy, and survival rates have improved significantly." However, she also pointed out that lung cancer remains the world's "number one cancer killer", underscoring the urgent need for continued related research and clinical trials.

Recognising the rapid evolution of cancer treatment, HKUMed has launched an eight‑month integrated cancer medicine course starting in October 2024. Photo source: reference image

New Course to Train Future Doctors

Recognising the rapid evolution of cancer treatment, HKUMed has launched an eight‑month integrated cancer medicine course starting in October 2024, which is delivered in six cohorts per year, ensuring that future doctors stay abreast of the latest developments. "We bring together surgeons, researchers, public health experts, oncologists (including medical oncologists and radiation oncologists), pathologists, and radiologists to teach medical students the basics of immunotherapy, targeted therapies, smart chemotherapy, and radiation, so that no matter what field they go into, they'll be able to handle cancer patients when they see them," she said.

New Cancer Treatments Bring New Hope

Beyond well‑established immunotherapy, Professor Hui highlighted emerging treatments:

One is called Antibody‑Drug Conjugate (ADC), often referred to as "smart chemotherapy" or "missile‑guided chemotherapy." "The antibody carries the chemotherapy drug, entering cancer cells with precision like a missile. When the linker dissolves, it releases the drug directly into the cancer cells, killing them effectively," she explained.

She noted that ADCs have now been proven to benefit patients with stage IV metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are currently combining these drugs with immunotherapy, and data have already shown effectiveness in early‑stage triple‑negative breast cancer patients.

Another future trend in cancer treatment is bispecific antibodies, which combine two different antibodies with fewer side effects and a synergistic effect. For example, VEGF bispecific antibodies combine the dual mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti‑angiogenic therapy, and have already shown effectiveness in cancers such as lung and breast cancer. Combining two targeted drugs also results in fewer side effects and better treatment outcomes for lung cancer patients.

T‑Cell Engagers: A Breakthrough for Small Cell Lung Cancer

Professor Hui also mentioned a new treatment trend called T-cell engagers. "For example, a therapy targeting DLL3 on the surface of small cell lung cancer cells — on one side, it targets DLL3, and on the other side, it attracts the immune system's T-cells, which act like soldiers attacking the cancer cells together. This type of drug is already on the market and has been shown to improve overall survival in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Clinical trials are currently exploring its use in first-line treatment and for stage III patients," she explained.

However, she pointed out that targeted therapy remains a future priority. Since many cancers occur due to genetic alterations, if the genes driving cancer growth can be identified, targeted medications can be utilized and show improved therapeutic efficacy across various cancers. For example, 60% to 70% of breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive, and of those, 30% to 40% have PIK3CA gene mutations. "The corresponding targeted drugs are currently available in Hong Kong, but they are expensive. There is now a phase III clinical trial in which patients can use this type of medication for free, and may even have access to better new drugs. However, patients need to undergo genetic sequencing to confirm whether they have the corresponding genetic mutation before they can participate in the relevant trial," she said.

According to Professor Hui, since many cancers occur due to genetic alterations, if the genes driving cancer growth can be identified, targeted medications can be utilized and show improved therapeutic efficacy across various cancers. Photo by Bastille Post