Pilgrims converge on Iraq's city of Karbala for the annual Arbaeen religious gathering, in photos

Millions of Shiite Muslim pilgrims are making their way to the Iraqi holy city of Karbala ahead of Arbaeen, one of the world’s largest annual religious gatherings.

Many walk for days while others travel from neighboring countries, including Iran, crossing border checkpoints before continuing toward the Imam Hussein Shrine in Karbala. Along the routes, volunteers provide food, water and shelter to those undertaking the pilgrimage.

Arbaeen marks 40 days after Ashoura, the day commemorating the 680 A.D. martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, in the Battle of Karbala. His death is one of the defining events in Shiite Islam.

The pilgrimage culminates at the Imam Hussein Shrine and the nearby Imam Abbas Shrine, where millions gather for prayers and devotional rituals, including chest beating in mourning and reaching out to touch the shrine.

The pilgrimage draws millions of worshippers from Iraq and around the world.

This is a photo gallery curated by AP photo editors.

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala, to observe Arbaeen that marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the Day of Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Tuesday, July 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Anmar Khalil)

Iranian Shite pilgrims carrying Iranian flags arrive at the Al-Mundheriya border crossing to join millions of Muslims heading to the holy city of Karbala for the annual Arbaeen pilgrimage, in Diyala, Iraq, Monday, July 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Iranian Shite pilgrims arrive at the Al-Mundheriya border crossing to join millions of Muslims heading to the holy city of Karbala for the annual Arbaeen pilgrimage, in Diyala, Iraq, Monday, July 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala, to observe Arbaeen that marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the Day of Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Tuesday, July 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Anmar Khalil)

Water is sprayed over Shiite pilgrims to cool them as they make their way to Karbala for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Friday, July 31, 2026. (AP Photo/Ammar Khalil)

Water is sprayed over Shiite pilgrims to cool them as they make their way to Karbala for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Friday, July 31, 2026. (AP Photo/Ammar Khalil)

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Babil, Iraq, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala, to observe Arbaeen that marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the Day of Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Tuesday, July 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Anmar Khalil)

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Babil, Iraq, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite pilgrims march to Karbala for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Babil, Iraq, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite Muslim worshippers gather inside the holy shrine of Imam Abbas ahead of the Arbaeen festival in Karbala, Iraq, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

A Irani Shiite Muslim weeps as he prays inside the holy shrine of Imam Abbas ahead of the Arbaeen festival in Karbala, Iraq, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

The sun rises as Shiite pilgrims march on their way, to Karbala, to observe Arbaeen that marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the Day of Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Tuesday, July 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Anmar Khalil)

Shiite Muslim worshippers beat their chests in a ritual act of mourning as they march toward the Imam Hussein Shrine ahead of Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashoura, in Karbala, Iraq, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite Muslim worshippers beat their chests in a ritual act of mourning as they march toward the Imam Hussein Shrine ahead of Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashoura, in Karbala, Iraq, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite Muslim worshippers march toward the Imam Hussein Shrine ahead of Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashoura, in Karbala, Iraq, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

A Irani Shiite Muslim weeps as he prays inside the holy shrine of Imam Hussein ahead of Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashoura, in Karbala, Iraq, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

Shiite Muslim worshippers reach out to touch the shrine surrounding the tomb of Imam Hussein ahead of Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashoura, at the Imam Hussein Shrine in Karbala, Iraq, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

The sun rises as Shiite pilgrims march on their way, to Karbala, to observe Arbaeen that marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the Day of Ashura, in Najaf, Iraq, Tuesday, July 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Anmar Khalil)

Aerial photo shows Shiite pilgrims gathering between the illuminated holy shrine of Imam Hussein and the holy shrine of Imam Abbas, ahead for Arbaeen, the annual Shiite commemoration marking 40 days after Ashura, in Karbala, Iraq, late Sunday, Aug. 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump said Monday that newly planned talks with Tehran are the “last chance” for Iran to forge a deal and avoid an escalation of U.S. strikes on the country.

Trump, speaking at the Oval Office, said he expects negotiations that will reopen the Strait of Hormuz and create a pathway for Iran to address United States’ concerns about it’s nuclear program will begin in the next day or two.

The Republican president says, “The first phase is the opening of the straits. The second phase will be the denuclearization.” Trump says that ”will take a little while.”

While Trump has reveled in the U.S. military decimating layers of Tehran’s leadership and devastating its air force and navy, Iran is betting it can outlast Trump as he faces diminished stockpiles of munitions and the difficulty of executing a war that is unpopular with the American electorate ahead of November’s midterm election.

Trump said he decided to hold off on ordering American forces to carry out new massive strikes against Iran at the urging of Gulf allies Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

He said that a plan was in place for U.S. forces to carry out “the biggest attack since World War II” on Sunday. But he decided to scrap the plan and give diplomacy more time to play out after hearing from key Gulf leaders — including Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman — as well as at the request of unnamed Iranian officials.

Earlier Monday, Trump had raised doubts about the prospects of negotiations after the Iranian Foreign Ministry said Tehran announced it is not currently holding negotiations with the United States.

“Iranian Leadership is unbelievably duplicitous!” Trump fumed on his Truth Social platform.

Trump may still come to the conclusion that a massive escalation in the conflict with Iran is necessary.

But critics say his hesitation also might reflect an unspoken understanding inside the administration that U.S. military might alone may not be enough to compel Iran to back down and bring an end to a now monthslong war that Trump had earlier downplayed as a weekslong excursion.

“I think what we’re seeing here is a president who has an approach that’s just rather erratic,” said Sen. Mark Kelly, an Arizona Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee, on CBS News' “Face the Nation.” “At this point, he's trying to get us back to February. And I think if he could — if he had a big reset button he could hit — he would certainly take that option.”

There have been several moments over the course of the conflict when Trump has demonstrated his proclivity for the bellicose only to back off at the last minute, while declaring his threats spurred progress:

— In early April, the United States and Iran agreed to a two-week ceasefire in an announcement that came less than two hours before a deadline Trump had set for Tehran to capitulate or face attacks on bridges and power plants — strikes he said would mean “a whole civilization will die.”

— After days of dire threats against Iran, Trump announced on May 18 he was holding off on a major planned military strike because “serious negotiations” were underway, crediting Gulf allies for persuading him to show restraint.

— Then in June, Trump threatened to hit Iran “VERY HARD” and seize Iran’s energy base on Kharg Island to "assume total control of their Oil and Gas Markets,” he wrote on social media, only to call off the strikes in a later post after claiming that peace negotiations had progressed with high-level Iranian leaders.

Left unsaid by the president was that such an endeavor would require U.S. troops on the ground in Iran — a risky proposition politically for a president who campaigned on avoiding foreign entanglements and criticized past administrations for getting bogged down in endless wars.

With this latest episode, Trump suggested that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman played a particularly important role in him turning away from escalating the fight.

The U.S. president spoke by phone with the de facto leader of the kingdom on Saturday before announcing he was halting strikes that he later boasted would have been one of the biggest U.S. operations since World War II.

The crown prince conveyed that an escalation in fighting could have a severe impact on the global economy if Tehran responded to a new U.S. bombardment by targeting some of the United States’ Gulf allies, according to a person briefed on the call who was not authorized to comment publicly and requested anonymity.

Saudi officials, the person added, have underscored in their engagements with the Trump administration that the kingdom is in a good position to defend itself against further potential Iranian strikes — as are fellow energy titans Qatar and the United Arab Emirates — but that Kuwait could be more vulnerable to attacks by Iranian-backed militias in Iraq.

Trump has insisted that November’s midterm elections aren't shaping his approach to the conflict that’s spurred unease across the global economy.

But it's certainly on the minds of his fellow Republicans.

About two-thirds of U.S. adults say the war with Iran, which began Feb. 28, has not been worthwhile, according to polling from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research published last week. That includes the vast majority of Democrats and independents, as well as about 37% of Republicans.

One of Trump's most outspoken allies on Capitol Hill suggested on Sunday the administration needs to modulate its approach on Iran.

Louisiana Sen. John Kennedy said on NBC's “Meet the Press” that the debate in Washington has lost perspective on the devastation the U.S. military has inflicted on Iran since the start of the war.

Still, the Republican lawmaker acknowledged that further escalating the conflict could lead to a further surge in already elevated energy prices and “a lot of inflation for the American people.”

Kennedy made the case that tightening sanctions and targeting Iran's nuclear program — rather than escalating the conflict — might be the best bet for the moment.

“They’re all hellish choices,” Kennedy said. “But for the moment I’d maintain the status quo.”

AP writers Melanie Lidman in Tel Aviv, Israel and Josh Boak contributed reporting.

President Donald Trump speaks during a meeting about military families, in the Oval Office of the White House, Monday, Aug. 3, 2026, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

President Donald Trump speaks as Secretary of State Marco Rubio, left, and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth listen during a cabinet meeting, Friday, July 31, 2026, at Camp David, the presidential retreat, near Thurmont, Md., Friday, July 31, 2026. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

President Donald Trump speaks to reporters onboard Air Force One while returning to the White House, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

President Donald Trump carries an umbrella as he exits Air Force One at Joint Base Andrews, Md., Sunday, Aug. 2, 2026, on return to Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)