In today's highly competitive society, many parents insist their children learn more and learn faster in order to “win at the starting line”. A recent study by the Department of Psychology at Lingnan University examining the relationship between stress and creativity has found that different types of stress, such as competition, noise, confined environments, and engaging in challenging tasks, may actually reduce children's creative performance, but adolescents and adults tend to show more innovative ability under moderate competitive pressure. The research findings have been published in top-tier international academic journal Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, and provide important insights in workplace management strategies, and for the education sector and creative industries.
Prof Huang Yi, Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Lingnan University, and her research team conducted a meta-analysis of 99 experimental studies on creative performance published worldwide over the past half-century (from 1965 to 2022), involving 8,749 participants ranging from primary school children to adults. The team divided them into three groups for in-depth analysis: children aged 12 and below, adolescents aged 13 to 17, and adults aged 18 and above.
The results showed that the impact of stress varies across different age groups, and different types of stress also affect individual creativity in distinct ways. For children, “common stressors” such as competition, physical stress including noise, confined environments, and performing time-limited or difficult tasks tend to trigger anxiety, and make it harder for them to express creativity. Nevertheless, the study also found that both adolescents and adults show a trend of enhanced creativity under competitive pressure, although examination stress generally has a negative impact on the creativity of all three age groups. Additionally, adults struggle to focus and think deeply under “deadline culture”, which impairs their creativity.
Prof Huang explained that children's brain regions responsible for higher-order thinking are not yet fully developed, resulting in weaker emotional regulation compared to adolescents and adults. As a result, children may not be able to cope effectively with stress, and are more sensitive to failure, and prone to anxiety. In contrast, adolescents and adults tend to perceive competition as a challenge, and under moderate pressure their creativity can actually be stimulated. However, adults juggling multiple roles and responsibilities experience a certain level of stress from the need to manage time effectively.
Prof Huang also emphasised that creativity is extremely important, explaining "From a psychological perspective, creativity is one of the core abilities that people rely on to solve problems in daily learning, life, and work. Creativity helps to connect new things with existing knowledge, and think outside the box and find alternative solutions when facing difficulties. Creativity is also related to mental health, and people with greater creativity tend to have more psychological flexibility and be better able to adjust their mindset when confronted with stress and adversity.”
She also noted that examinations, noise, and tight deadlines are typical forms of “Hong Kong-style stress.” These findings offer helpful guidance to educators, workplace managers, and the creative industries: to encourage creativity in children, competitive pressure should be reduced by cutting back on frequent evaluations, and replaced with a supportive environment that allows for free exploration. This helps children build positive emotions, social competence, and problem-solving skills, which are the best ways to unlock their creative potential.
For adolescents and adults, workplace managers can harness the motivating effects of competition by introducing moderately competitive elements when appropriate, such as establishing healthy peer review and collaboration mechanisms. Meanwhile, educational institutions and businesses should focus on setting reasonable deadlines, avoiding a culture of chronic overwork, and instead creating an environment that allows employees the space for deep thinking.
Prof Huang Yi and her research team publish a study on stress and creativity.
Lingnan University.
In response to the global demand for clean energy transition, tandem solar cells are recognised as a crucial next-generation technology that will significantly improve solar power efficiency. Scholars from Lingnan University’s Wu Jieh Yee School of Interdisciplinary Studies (WJYSIS) and their collaborators have innovatively developed a novel interfacial structure, which substantially reduces energy loss and successfully overcomes the current limitations of perovskite solar cells in voltage, further improving the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity. Their findings, published in the top-tier international journal Nature Communications, affirm Lingnan University’s research capabilities in the fields of renewable energy materials and photovoltaic technology.
Conventional strategies often lead to the uncontrolled diffusion of ligand molecules into the perovskite bulk or their severe loss during solvent washing, failing to form an effective ligand layer. The research team proposes a novel strategy that successfully immobilises the ligand molecules onto the SAM molecules, constructing a localised 2D/3D structure.
The joint research team, comprising Prof Chen Xi, Dean of the WJYSIS and Chair Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Lingnan University; Prof Wu Shengfan, Assistant Professor (Presidential Early Career Scholar) of the WJYSIS at Lingnan University, and colleagues from the City University of Hong Kong, has developed a novel method to form a localised 2D/3D structure within the perovskite solar cell, reducing energy loss and improving charge extraction efficiency and interfacial contact. At the same time, by utilising tandem solar cell technology, in which the top material absorbs short-wavelength light and the bottom material absorbs long-wavelength light. This arrangement substantially improves light utilisation efficiency.
The figure illustrates the novel SAM molecule designed by the team, named CbzBT-B. This molecule exhibits excellent stability, and its energy levels are better aligned with the perovskite. The sulfur atoms within this molecule can interact with the ligands, ensuring the formation of a localised 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction structure at the bottom interface.
The team explained that this innovative technology optimises the solar cell in multiple ways. Firstly, it improves the quality of the thin film, allowing this light-absorbing material to grow more uniformly, thereby reducing intrinsic defects. Secondly, the technology greatly reduces defect density at the interfaces, suppressing undesirable energy loss and thus minimising voltage loss. The technology also improves the energy level alignment at the interface, enabling more efficient charge extraction.
Solar cell test results indicate that wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells employing this strategy achieve significant enhancements in open-circuit voltage and efficiency, while exhibiting excellent operational stability. This strategy is applicable to various wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells and has broken multiple performance records. Based on this, the team fabricated tandem solar cells, achieving a high efficiency of 27.11 per cent.
The research team has successfully developed highly efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, setting multiple cell performance records. The cell demonstrated excellent performance during long-term operational testing, maintaining over 95 per cent of its efficiency even after continuous operation for 700 hours. According to the team’s projections, the efficiency of this cell can still be maintained at over 90 per cent after 1,800 hours of long-term operation. Meanwhile, based on this technology, the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite-organic tandem solar cell reaches 27.11 per cent, among the highest efficiencies for this type of tandem solar cells.
Prof Chen Xi, Dean of the WJYSIS and Chair Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Lingnan University.
Prof Wu, co-corresponding author of the paper, said “This achievement builds upon our sustained and in-depth exploration of interface engineering and tandem photovoltaic devices. It provides a reliable foundation for future large-scale applications. We will continue to drive the advancement of related technologies toward commercialisation, transforming efficient and stable energy solutions into commercial products to address climate challenges and energy security needs, contributing to societal sustainable development.”
Prof Wu Shengfan, Assistant Professor (Presidential Early Career Scholar) of the WJYSIS at Lingnan University.
Prof Chen Xi commended the outcome highly, saying “Lingnan has been actively promoting interdisciplinary research in recent years. This breakthrough demonstrates the University’s strengths and commitment to tackling global energy challenges and developing clean energy technologies. Our team will continue to transform innovative research achievements into practical solutions, supporting the global transition towards a green and low-carbon future.”
The research paper was published in the top-tier international journal Nature Communications. Read the full study here: Localized 2D/3D heterojunction enhances photovoltage for perovskite-organic tandem solar cells.
