Substantial progress has been made under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, according to a dialogue on collective progress in the implementation of the landmark global action plan aiming at reversing biodiversity loss, in support of the global review, which was held in Kunming, southwest China's Yunnan Province on Monday.
The framework, a key outcome of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 15), sets out the roadmap to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030, and establishes the long-term goals for biodiversity conservation, restoration, sustainable use, sharing of the benefits, and implementation guarantee through 2050.
To date, 172 parties have submitted national targets aligned with the framework. An additional 193 million hectares of land have been incorporated into ecosystem restoration plans. Protected land areas have increased by more than 2 percent, and protected marine areas by nearly 3 percent.
The commitments under the framework are being translated into tangible action.
China has elevated biodiversity conservation to a national strategy, shifting its focus from preventing risks and halting losses to systematic restoration.
The country has enacted the world's first legislation named after "ecological environment," setting a precedent for biodiversity protection under the rule of law.
It has comprehensively advanced the development of the national park-based system of protected areas, set up and strictly enforced scientific eco-environmental conservation red lines.
China has downgraded the endangered level of nearly 500 wild species, with populations of more than 300 rare and endangered wildlife species steadily increasing.
"The whole of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is crucial for international biodiversity protection, and China's role in that has been crucial. As we can see here, we're back in Kunming at the Kunming Dialogue and China again taking a leadership role, helping us assess the progress we have made four years into the framework with four years to go," said Astrid Schomaker, executive secretary of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
"There are several initiatives in China at national level, which are pretty impressive, whether we are talking about conservation of species, like for example, elephants in Yunnan, or if we are talking about conservation of forests and expanding the areas of forest. It definitely can put a number of examples for other countries how to treat biodiversity, and how to work together with people and the whole of society to move forward the biodiversity agenda," said Alexander Shestakov, an expert with Russia's Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Significant progress made under Kuming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Rescuers involved in the huge operation to re-open a crucial road link leading to the core disaster area of the Gyirong Port following the deadly mudslide in southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region have shared their story of the huge undertaking and the enormous challenges and dangers they faced at the site.
The mudslide, triggered by a high-altitude glacier collapse in Nepal, hit Gyirong Port on Aug 26, killing at least 43 and leaving 519 missing as of Saturday, according to authorities.
The disaster sparked a large-scale search and rescue effort, with China Anneng, a state-owned engineering enterprise which is also specialized in natural disaster emergency rescue work, being called in to assist with the highly challenging operation.
In the wake of the massive mudslide, China Anneng mobilized 310 emergency responders and 120 units of equipment to the disaster zone. Their first task was to monitor two moraine-dammed barrier lakes upstream of the Donglin Zangbo River and downstream of the glacier collapse area.
"We sent a ten-member team with laser scanners, detection radar, and other monitoring devices. They trekked over mountains to the upper reaches of the river. The journey took seven to eight hours on foot. Sometimes, there was the risk of secondary disasters. Our rescuers encountered collapses while surveying the barrier lake," said Li Hongjun, chief commander of the rescue team on site.
After the barrier lake was naturally breached, the team was reassigned to reopen National Highway G216 -- a key road which offered the only land route to the Gyirong Port.
The disaster had damaged an almost three-kilometer section of the highway.
Efforts to repair the road were seen as essential in order to restore access and bring in more heavy machinery and specialist equipment to the port. "We were in a race against the clock. Our responsibility was to reopen the road as quickly as possible. It was extremely tough to push forward. It rained almost every night, a moderate level of rain. We couldn't afford to wait. We had to keep on going," said Li.
Rescue personnel worked in extremely hazardous conditions, as they carved a passage along the steep, unstable slopes and worked alongside the raging river torrents at the foot of the mountains.
Despite the urgency of the mission, extensive safety preparations were also made to protect the rescuers amid fears about secondary disasters occurring on this unsteady ground, Li said.
"The operation was carried out right next to the water. The river channel was extremely narrow, with the sheer volume and speed of the water flow being very high. Along the left bank, there were large amounts of sediment deposits that could collapse any moment. We made thorough assessments and took all the risks into consideration. Operators in the control room had to wear life jackets, and the doors were removed [from the rescue command center] so they could jump out in case of any emergency. We also set up cable escape routes along the bank, so they could climb to higher ground if needed," said the rescue chief.
The efforts to clear the crucial highway began to gather steam, as more heavy machinery was brought in to bolster the effort. Huang Xun, an excavator operator with Anneng, was the first to move forward in reopening the highway.
"I was the first. If I got in, then the second and third excavators could follow up, and more machines could come in behind. The faster I moved, the sooner everyone else could get in. We had to push ahead as fast as we could to reach the core area and get the road open. As we paved the way forward, the tracks were completely submerged most of the time," Huang said.
Overcoming multiple warning risks, including secondary landslides and the potential breach of barrier lakes, rescue teams finally restored the passage on Sept 2 -- one week on from the disaster -- enabling search and rescue operations to be stepped up significantly and allowing for the smoother transport of supplies as efforts continue.
Rescuers recall race against time to reopen road lifeline in mudslide-hit Gyirong
