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The executive–legislative relationship under a new electoral culture

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The executive–legislative relationship under a new electoral culture
Blog

Blog

The executive–legislative relationship under a new electoral culture

2025-12-14 14:00 Last Updated At:14:00

Grace Zhou, a member of the Chinese Association of Hong Kong and Macau Studies

The dust has settled on Hong Kong’s 8th Legislative Council election, with voter turnout rising from 30.2% in 2021 to 31.9% this time. Hong Kong society and the new electoral system are gradually working out a new way of relating to each other. Rather than fixating on the numbers, a more meaningful question now is not whether people voted, but who did, on what basis they made their decisions, and how those evolving criteria might shape executive‑legislative relations over the next term.

The most notable part this time is how voters made their judgments. An increasing number of voters are no longer voting solely on the basis of party affiliation or political camp, but first examining a candidate’s résumé, professional competence and their actual performance in local districts or sectors before casting their vote—in other words, marking a “report card” with their ballots.

The 2021 poll was the first LegCo election after the reforms, and the public were unfamiliar with the new system. Four years on, the basic framework has stabilised, and voters have understood how the new system operates. As that sense of unfamiliarity recedes, attention naturally has shifted back to the candidates themselves.

If the previous era of high-intensity politics was driven by emotion and identity‑based voting, this election looks more like a cool-headed calculation. Voters care about who, within the existing system, can actually address concrete problems such as building safety, public housing maintenance, and medical and elderly care. Instead of being satisfied simply with a few slogans, they look for those who have put forward workable proposals and followed through over time. Many candidates who are not members of the main political parties emerged by specialised expertise and community service. Clearly, within the current political structure, voters are still using their ballots to reshape the internal balance of power. Emotions have cooled, but the bar has been raised – voters will remember who asks serious questions in the chamber and who merely shows up for the photo op.

Under the principle of “patriots governing Hong Kong” , executive leadership is the prerequisite, and the executive and legislature moving “in the same direction” is seen as a guarantee of stability. Lawmakers can and should, at the strategic level, support the move from governance to greater prosperity, economic development and safeguarding national security. But voters also want to see specific policies subjected to open debate and amendment, major incidents and governance failures be reasonably examined and institutionally reviewed; and budgets and bills be judiciously examined instead of a quick pass.

If the new LegCo is to respond to this pragmatic and rational public sentiment, it needs to position itself as a cooperative overseer.

Cooperation here means upholding executive primacy while leveraging the legislature’s professional expertise and public mandate to help refine and improve government policy. In practice, this could involve task forces, district networks and industry consultations to collate public input in the policy design phase and feed it into official deliberations at an early stage. When crises emerge, lawmakers and the executive should move in tandem — supporting speedy appropriations and measures while communicating feedback to policymakers in time. On long‑term issues such as the Northern Metropolis, transport infrastructure and elderly care, there should be sustained follow‑up through cross‑sector mechanisms — rather than disbanding committees upon the completion of a project and leaving it unattended.

Oversight is not about reflexive opposition at the eleventh hour but about targeted, constructive scrutiny throughout questioning and debate. Lawmakers should press for data and impact assessments, making full use of oral and written questions, and insist on disclosure of key figures and risk evaluations. They should also put forward alternative proposals, offering clear adjustments to procedures, supporting measures and timetables, so that debate becomes an instrument of refinement rather than mere rhetoric. Previous years of stagnation on the regulation of ride-hailing in Hong Kong was largely the result of simple opposition without substantive proposals. In terms of implementation and outcomes, follow-up committees, site visits and engagement with frontline stakeholders should be adopted to examine whether policies are being distorted in practice or resources misallocated. They should also help prompt timely adjustments where needed, rather than waiting until problems erupt and then vetoing everything in one go.

Overall, if the new LegCo is to respond to this rational, pragmatic public mandate, it must be a rigorous questioner on public safety and livelihood issues, a meticulous guardian over legislation and budgets, and an honest collaborator in executive interactions.

This election shows that there is still a group of voters willing to spend time finding out who the candidates are and what they have done before making up their minds. That conscientiousness is perhaps the most valuable seed of a new electoral culture. It is now up to the new LegCo and the HKSAR Government to answer that: they must demonstrate with visible reform outcomes that the system can not only maintain stability and properly manage elections, but also solve problems and improve people’s lives; and they must convince citizens that political confrontation has cooled and the system is more trustworthy. If they can respond to these expectations, there is a genuine opportunity for the principle of “patriots governing Hong Kong” to be gradually translated into good governance that people can benefit from in their daily lives.




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** The blog article is the sole responsibility of the author and does not represent the position of our company. **

Mai Junhao

Hong Kong is set to begin its quadrennial election day for the Legislative Council tomorrow. While still recovering from the Tai Po fire, the city is once again in election mode, albeit in a more solemn mood. Candidates are making final efforts to garner support while citizens make up their minds on whom to support. As one voter said, “life goes on, I will vote this Sunday because it is my civic duty and I believe even one vote can make a difference.”

Yesterday, Secretary for Health Lo Chung-mau announced the heartwarming news that all hospitalized victims of the Tai Po fire were no longer in critical condition. In the wake of this sudden and tragic disaster, the people of Hong Kong have demonstrated outstanding resilience and solidarity that has won worldwide praise. Tomorrow’s LegCo election will be a sign that Hong Kong has successfully overcome the disaster and is ready for a new chapter.

Certain foreign media outlets and malicious actors have tried to paint a gloomy picture for Hong Kong recently, portraying Hong Kongers as too grief-stricken to vote and the SAR government as inconsiderate for pushing ahead with the election. This is both misleading and irresponsible. There is no contradiction between voting in the Legislative Council election and mourning the fire’s victims, just as there is no contradiction between holding an election and disaster relief. The people of Hong Kong have proven capable of being both outstanding citizens and empathetic human beings, and the SAR government has proven capable of taking care of affected residents and organizing the election at the same time. So far, the government has arranged temporary housing for nearly 4,000 affected residents and provided dedicated social workers for each affected family, with the official relief fund receiving more than HK\$3 billion in donations.

There is still much to be done, and this can only be achieved by first getting the best possible candidates into the Legislative Council. Taking care of displaced residents of Wang Fuk Court and rebuilding their homes requires legislative approval for relevant expenditure. As the government launches an independent commission to investigate the fire, it is up to the Legislative Council to pass laws that would strengthen safety measures and prevent future disasters. Many candidates have voiced their views on this matter and promised to make this their immediate priority in office.

Besides the aftermath of the Tai Po fire, legislators also have much long-term work laid out for them. On the one hand is the need to navigate China–US rivalry and global geopolitical turmoil, on the other is the need to better integrate into China’s overall development plans and continue to maintain Hong Kong’s special status. Hong Kong also needs to revitalize and reform its economy by utilizing the latest technological innovations, while tackling deep-seated social problems to improve people’s livelihood. The demand for capable legislators has never been greater. All 161 candidates have demonstrated their qualifications and visions for the coming four-year term, and it is up to the voters to decide which ones are most suitable for their own best interests and those of Hong Kong as a whole.

Just as Hong Kongers have come together to show support for victims of the fire, they will come together to show their support for a better tomorrow with their votes. This great city has gone through many periods of great hardship in its history—from the brutalities of World War II to the financial crisis of 1997 and the global pandemic of recent memory—yet none has managed to crush the optimistic spirit of its people, and Hong Kong has emerged from each one more confident and prosperous than ever. As its citizens turn out to cast their votes tomorrow, we have every reason to believe in a brighter future for Hong Kong.

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