Global Experts Unite to Save Endangered Asian Turtles

Asian turtles face a severe conservation crisis caused by illegal poaching and the wildlife trade. Supported by Ocean Park and the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Lingnan University is hosting the inaugural International Conference on Integrated Conservation of Asian Turtles (ICAT) from today, 27 March, through 30 March 2026. The conference, attended by 180 leading scholars, scientists, zookeepers, veterinarians, policymakers, educators, and other experts from 19 countries and regions will examine the latest research findings and practical conservation, as well as strategies to combat the illegal poaching of Asian turtles, and enhance protection for endangered species.

The opening ceremony was officiated by Mr Simon Chan Kin-fung, Assistant Director (Conservation) of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department; Mr Ivan Wong, Chief Executive of Ocean Park Corporation; Prof S. Joe Qin, President and Wai Kee Kau Chair Professor of Data Science of Lingnan University; Mr Howard Chuk, Executive Director of Zoological Operations and Conservation of Ocean Park Corporation cum Foundation Director of Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong, and Mr Wander Meijer, Executive Director of the Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden.

Mr Simon Chan Kin-fung gave a speech at the opening ceremony, saying “We are home to five native freshwater turtle species. Among them are the Big‑headed Turtle, the Golden Coin Turtle, and Beale’s‑eyed Turtle, species of exceptional ecological, scientific, and cultural value. Unfortunately, many now survive only in small, fragmented populations and face persistent threats, particularly from illegal hunting and trapping. To address this, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) has adopted a multi‑pronged, integrated approach, combining enforcement, science, and partnerships. This approach has resulted in several suspects being arrested for illegal possession of endangered turtles, and convictions have led to prison sentences of 15 and 20 months, a strong deterrent to poaching. This conference represents an opportunity for turtle conservationists to not only share knowledge but also forge meaningful partnerships, develop innovative strategies, and agree on concrete actions.”

Mr Ivan Wong, Chief Executive of Ocean Park Corporation, said “Ocean Park is honoured to co-host the first International Conference on Integrated Conservation of Asian Turtles. Conservation is at the heart of Ocean Park’s mission, driving our expansion into research, rescue, rehabilitation, and regional partnerships. In light of the conservation crisis facing Asian turtles, this conference serves as a crucial platform for global experts to share knowledge and forge new strategies. We are confident that these collaborations will significantly advance our shared goal to protect these endangered species and ensure a sustainable future for Asian turtles.”

“Leveraging the Park’s professional team and world-class facilities, we are dedicated to fostering conservation through various initiatives. These include establishing the Dive Into Local Diversity exhibit that showcases the rich diversity of Hong Kong's freshwater ecosystems for public education; formulating breeding programme for the Beale's eyed turtle with the goal of wild release to rebuild local populations; providing rehabilitation and care for confiscated freshwater turtles; and driving education through student ambassador programmes and student-led surveys,” Wong added.

Prof S. Joe Qin noted that “Lingnan University has concentrated on turning research outcomes into practical contributions towards many United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Co-hosting this important international conference with Ocean Park creates a vital platform for over a hundred interdisciplinary experts from around the world to discuss the latest research and strategies on Asian turtle conservation. As an important component in the ecosystem, wild populations of Asian turtles are declining rapidly. We hope that cross-sector collaboration will promote the sustainable development of global ecosystems.”

Over the four days of the conference, about 50 academic presentations and keynote speeches will cover forensic technologies for combating illegal trade, veterinary care, and efforts to boost wild populations of endangered Asian turtles through captive breeding and reintroduction to natural habitats. Officers from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department, who are at the forefront of combating turtle poaching and illegal wildlife trade in Hong Kong, also attended the conference.

Prof Anthony Lau, Assistant Professor of the Division of Science at Lingnan University and the conference’s Secretary, stressed “This conference will act as a catalyst that deepens international collaboration on Asian turtle conservation, such as the exchange of captive-bred animals, and accelerates local, on-the-ground work on native species, such as reintroduction and enhancement of anti-poaching strategies.”

A highlight of the conference will be an in-depth discussion panel chaired by Prof Jonathan Fong, Associate Professor of the Division of Science of Lingnan University, and Prof Sung Yik-hei, Adjunct Assistant Professor of the Division of Science of Lingnan University and Lecturer at the University of Suffolk, on the conservation of turtles in the Hong Kong SAR and Greater Bay Area. They explain that wild populations of native freshwater turtles in Hong Kong SAR have plummeted over recent decades, and that three species inhabiting the wilds of Hong Kong SAR are critically endangered. They also describe Lingnan University's successful cases of captive breeding in recent years, and the University's expertise in providing conservation forensics to courts and investigations into illegal trading.

Internationally recognised expert in freshwater turtle conservation Prof Ricky Spencer, Professor of Ecology at Western Sydney University, will deliver a keynote speech “Fixing the Life Cycle: The Future of Turtle Conservation Is Community-Driven”, reviewing Australia's effective experiences in turtle conservation through community-led monitoring, habitat restoration, and other initiatives.

Other experts include freshwater turtle conservation expert Prof Chen Tien-hsi, who talked about the Taiwan region’s endeavours to reintroduce endangered freshwater turtles and conserve native species. Mr Shahriar Caesar Rahman, Regional Vice Chair – South Asia for the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and Co-founder and CEO of the Creative Conservation Alliance, Bangladesh, spoke on Bangladesh's pioneering rewilding programme for the critically endangered Asian giant tortoise (Manouria emys), community protection measures, and efforts to dismantle smuggling networks, giving valuable cross-regional conservation insights.

As well as the academic presentations, the conference includes field trips to Ocean Park and the Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden to visit and learn from successful captive breeding facilities for endangered native turtles.

Another highlight of ICAT is a showcase of 20 posters designed by local students from 17 schools with their entries to the ICAT Secondary Student Academic Poster Competition. The competition encourages students to participate in conservation through environmental education. Each group of four students conducts a study related to the conservation of Asian turtles, and the finalists are required to present their ideas to the guests attending the first day of ICAT to compete for the awards.

Opening ceremony of the inaugural International Conference on Integrated Conservation of Asian Turtles (ICAT).

The conference brings together more than a hundred experts from around the world.

Mr Simon Chan Kin-fung, Assistant Director (Conservation) of the Conservation Branch of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), delivers a speech.

Mr Ivan Wong, Chief Executive of Ocean Park Corporation, delivers a speech.

Prof S. Joe Qin, President and Wai Kee Kau Chair Professor of Data Science of Lingnan University, delivers a speech.

Asian turtles are an important species in the ecosystem, but their wild populations are declining at an alarming rate.

Prof Jonathan Fong, Associate Professor of the Division of Science of Lingnan University and Prof Sung Yik-hei, Adjunct Assistant Professor of the Division of Science of Lingnan University and Lecturer at the University of Suffolk, Co-chairs of the conference; Prof Anthony Lau, Assistant Professor of the Division of Science at Lingnan University and the conference’s Secretary. (From left: Prof Sung Yik-hei, Prof Jonathan Fong and Prof Anthony Lau)

To understand their awareness of and interest in the Chinese tea culture, the Asia-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies at Lingnan University conducted a public opinion survey and analysis of the tea consumption habits of young people in the Hong Kong SAR. The findings show that more than three quarters of respondents drink Chinese tea regularly. However, as many as half also drink “flavoured tea” with sugar, floral flavours or milk frequently. The proportion of young people who drink tea regularly was significantly higher than soft and speciality drinks, although more than one third were unfamiliar with the health benefits of tea. Scholars point out that parents exert a strong influence on young people’s tea-drinking habits and suggest that different sectors of society might organise intergenerational activities to pass the Chinese tea culture on to younger generations.

Between March and July 2025, the researchers circulated a questionnaire to 488 Hong Kong SAR residents aged between 12 and 39 to find out how much they know about Chinese tea and related beverages and how much they drink. More than three quarters (76.2%) of respondents drink Chinese tea regularly, and the largest proportion (33.8%) drink Chinese tea one to four times a month Although this was a higher proportion than for coffee (25%), it remained lower than for other beverages. As many as 53.4 per cent of respondents consume speciality drinks such as bubble tea and fruit tea one to four times per month, followed by freshly squeezed juice (42.9%), soft drinks (39.6%), and packaged or bottled juice (38.1%).

The proportion of respondents who drank Chinese tea 11 or more times a month was 25.4 per cent, the highest of all beverage categories, surpassing coffee (17.5%), packaged or bottled juice (17.5%), soft drinks (14%), speciality drinks (10.8%), and freshly squeezed juice (6.3%), which suggests that some young people have developed a regular habit of drinking tea in the long-term (Figure 1).

Figure 1: The largest proportion of young respondents reported drinking Chinese tea one to four times a month (33.8%).

Regarding their preferences, young respondents usually preferred pu-erh (65%), followed by tieguanyin (49%) and jasmine tea (31%). However, nearly half of respondents (49%) also drink flavoured teas containing sugar, floral flavours or milk frequently (Figure 2), reflecting increasingly blurred boundaries between traditional and modern teas in younger generations.

Figure 2: Nearly half the respondents (49%) drink flavoured tea containing sugar, floral flavours or milk regularly.

When asked whose opinions influenced their choice of tea, 39.7 per cent of respondents said that their parents had a “great” or “strong” influence. By comparison, the influence of their friends (11.4%) and social media (11%) was much less (Figure 3), which shows the stronger role of families in passing on the Chinese tea culture to younger generations.

Figure 3: 39.7 per cent of young respondents said that their choice of tea was influenced to a “high” or “strong degree” by their parents.

The most common reasons for choosing a tea were the “aroma” (55%) or “taste” (50%). Nearly half (47%) also cited “family customs” - more than those who associated Chinese tea with “health benefits” (37%), “cultural identity” (19%), or “emotional stability” (17%) (Figure 4).

Figure 4: When asked why they drink tea, respondents usually said “aroma” (55%) or “taste” (50%).

However, young people who drink tea have a limited understanding of its health benefits. More than one third of respondents (34.1%) said that they “knew nothing about” or had “only heard of” these benefits of tea, and nearly half (44.2%) that they “knew nothing about” or had “only heard of” Chinese tea brewing techniques. The study also found that nearly 70% of respondents (68.1%) expressed “average”, “considerable”, or “very strong” interest in learning tea arts, which shows that although the Hong Kong younger generation’s knowledge of Chinese teas is limited, they are generally interested in learning more.

Prof Dickson Chan Chak-Kwan, Research Professor and Director of Asia-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies at Lingnan University, said that traditional Chinese tea processing techniques and associated social practices were inscribed on the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022. He noted that while the Chinese Mainland has actively promoted tea culture education for young people, the Hong Kong SAR still does not really understand the health benefits of tea or how to brew it, adding “Promoting tea culture helps pass on the essence of Chinese culture to younger generations. The study finds that parents have a great influence on forming the habit of tea drinking in their children, and recommends that primary and secondary schools and cultural organisations undertake activities that encourage parents and children to learn about Chinese tea together, so that tea drinking is encouraged and the cultural heritage of Chinese tea more effectively passed on to young people.”

Lingnan study finds more young people drink tea than soft drinks regularly. Generated picture.

Prof Chan also suggested that the education sector make the most of young people’s interest in the tea arts to develop their understanding of Chinese tea culture. Flavoured teas may initially build public awareness of the differences between pure and sugar-sweetened flavoured teas, reduce dependency on sugary beverages, and in the long run help promote a healthier diet.

"Research on Tea Consumption among Youth in Hong Kong" is part of the "Chinese Tea Promotion in Young People " Project (2024-2026). The project is sponsored by the Tin Ka Ping Foundation and aims to promote Chinese tea arts among young people and the public in Hong Kong through seminars and tea appreciation workshops, to encourage the understanding of Chinese traditional culture and promote physical and mental well-being.