What to know about Europe’s push to compete in space

PARIS (AP) — Key figures from Europe’s space industry and other international players have converged on Paris to discuss how to advance the continent’s ambitions in a global market dominated by the United States.

The two-day International Space Summit that started Wednesday gathers officials, astronauts, researchers and industry leaders from about 120 countries to discuss the future of the space industry and pursue potential business deals.

“Europe is taking its destiny into its own hands, including in space,” French President Emmanuel Macron said in a message posted on X. He called for innovation and investment “to build a powerful Europe, independent even in space.”

Here’s what to know about Europe’s efforts to compete in the global space race.

Macron’s space summit underlines his push to reduce Europe’s reliance on the U.S. for vital tech services, which extends to space launches as well as satellites for communications and reconnaissance.

European nations have sought to build up their sovereign space capabilities since 2022 and Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which highlighted how Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite communications service has become both a critical partner for Kyiv and a potential vulnerability.

Immediately after the war erupted, there were initial doubts about whether the billionaire would continue to fund Starlink services in Ukraine. Reports said Musk refused to let Starlink to be used to support an attack on a Russian naval base in 2022.

The European Union is working on a “sovereign satellite” constellation called Iris2 that is designed to rival Starlink by providing secure communications and connectivity to the 27-nation bloc’s citizens. However, it’s not expected to be fully operational until 2030.

Another inflection point came this year after the Iran war broke out and U.S. satellite imaging companies Planet Labs and Vantor started withholding images of the conflict region in the Middle East, apparently to prevent adversaries from attacking the U.S. and allies.

The Middle East conflict has fueled demand from countries for their own satellite imaging capabilities, said Emiliano Kargieman, CEO of Satellogic, which signed a deal earlier this year to supply Portugal with two high-resolution imaging satellites.

“For Europe there’s a lot at stake,” the director general of the European Space Agency (ESA), Josef Aschbacher said. “Satellites are really being utilized day in, day out. It’s what we call a critical infrastructure, therefore extremely important for every citizen.”

The United States remains the global leader in the space sector, with NASA conducting major exploration missions and overseeing the Artemis program, which aims to establish a human presence on the moon.

Musk’s rocket company, SpaceX, has transformed the commercial launch industry by making reusable rockets operational, lowering costs and increasing the frequency of launches.

Meanwhile, Amazon launched its first internet satellites in 2025. The company plans to deploy more than 3,200 satellites to provide broadband service around the world. Amazon's founder Jeff Bezos also established the rocket company Blue Origin.

SpaceX and Blue Origin canceled plans to attend the Paris summit, the French government said. News outlet Politico reported that the White House had urged U.S. space companies not to attend because it could appear to support European Union policies.

“There can be tensions, as well as technological competition between major powers, particularly the United States and China,” a French presidential official said, speaking anonymously in keeping with the presidency’s customary practices. “We do have strengths, but we can see that things are accelerating and that much more money is needed.”

The Ariane program allows Europe to launch satellites through missions including the Galileo navigation system, the Copernicus Earth-observation program and military and scientific satellites.

Ariane also operates commercial missions. Since the beginning of the year, the most powerful version of the rocket, Ariane 64, successfully put in orbit 100 Amazon Leo satellites in three launches as part of a contract for a total of 18 launches.

But Ariane, which relies on multiple European nations, requires complex logistics. The core stage of the rocket is assembled in France, while its upper stage is built in Germany with the support of hundreds of subcontractors across Europe.

Rocket components are transported by cargo ship across the Atlantic to Europe’s spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, well-located for missions to geostationary orbit.

The rocket is also expendable, making it more expensive to operate than reusable competitors. There are only a handful of launches a year — in contrast to more than a hundred flights annually for SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets.

European leaders are trying to build up domestic space launch capability so that the continent is less dependent on SpaceX rockets.

Musk has indicated that the company plans to “wind down” Falcon rockets and replace them with the bigger Starship, but space industry executives worry there could be a gap that could result in a “launch crunch” in a few years.

“Not being able to put your own satellite into orbit is a huge problem for Europe,” said Kargieman.

“China has its own launch capacity and Europe still doesn’t have a high-cadence, low-cost launch capacity, similar to SpaceX. This will undoubtedly be on everyone’s minds at the summit,” he said.

However, German startup Isar made a major breakthrough on Saturday in European efforts to catch up with SpaceX, when it successfully launched a rocket carrying satellites into space from Norway. It was the first such launch for a commercial European space company.

Aschbacher, the head of the ESA, said Europe should also build up its strength in space exploration. “One topic we discuss in particular is should Europe also build up astronaut flight capabilities?” he said. “That means bringing our own astronauts, with our own rockets or our own crew vehicle, to lower orbit and eventually beyond.”

Chan reported from London.

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This version removes the incorrect reference to Satellogic being based in Argentina.

Greece's Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis speaks flanked by French European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet, left, and French President Emmanuel Macron during the International Space Summit at the Grand Palais in Paris, Sept. 9, 2026. (Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo via AP)

From left, French European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet, Greek aviation medical examiner and European Space Agency astronaut candidate Adrianos Golemis, Greece's Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Frence President Emmanuel Macron speak during the International Space Summit at the Grand Palais in Paris, Sept. 9, 2026. (Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo via AP)

French President Emmanuel Macron, right, speaks as French European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet listens during the International Space Summit at the Grand Palais in Paris, Wednesday, Sept. 9, 2026. (Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo via AP)

LONDON (AP) — British Prime Minister Andy Burnham defended his government's decision to ban trade with Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank on Wednesday, saying that Britain was being true to its roots by taking a stand for justice.

“Britain has to stand for fairness against injustice where people are being bullied out of their homes,” Burnham told Parliament. “We will always stand with the underdog and take what action we can to support them.”

The U.K. announced the ban on Tuesday, and Israel responded by closing the British consulate in east Jerusalem and banning 11 lawmakers from the country.

The U.K.’s tougher stance was followed by France and Canada’s leaders saying they would take similar action to prevent expanding settlements and growing violence from making it impossible to establish a future Palestinian state.

Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband said “settler terrorists” were carrying out “ethnic cleansing” of Palestinians in the U.K. government’s biggest pushback to Israel since it recognized Palestinian statehood a year ago. He said there had been “houses bulldozed, roads and public infrastructure destroyed, families displaced from their homes.”

Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar condemned the “despicable” move and said Israel would expel U.K. representatives from a joint military center monitoring the Gaza ceasefire and end U.K. training of the Palestinian Authority’s security forces in the West Bank. In addition, Israel barred entry to a dozen British lawmakers and other U.K. citizens whom Saar said were “involved in antisemitic and anti-Israel activity.”

Miliband, who is Jewish, said he was disappointed with Israel’s response and rejected criticism from the U.K.’s chief rabbi, saying it would not lead to more antisemitism in the U.K.

Ephraim Mirvis, the chief rabbi in the U.K., accused the government of “gesture politics” that would bolster “the very extremism they seek to target.”

“We all need to do more to tackle antisemitism, but I believe we can do that and stand up for British values,” Miliband said.

The ban covers imports of all goods from the settlements and bars companies from providing services for the settlements, including financing, construction, infrastructure, real estate and advertising. It will take effect in up to nine months.

Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Poland, Portugal and Sweden have pledged to “support further action,” Miliband said. The Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium, Spain and Norway have either banned goods from settlements or are in the process of doing so, he said.

Miliband also tightened Britain’s embargo on weapons sales to Israel for use in Gaza to include arms “that materially contribute to the occupation” of Palestinian territories.

Conservative lawmaker Bernard Jenkin said he was concerned that the government's decision could affect counterterror cooperation with Israel to keep Britons safe.

“We are now embarked, it seems, on a full diplomatic dispute with Israel and tit-for-tat expulsions of diplomats,” Jenkin said.

The economic impact of the ban is likely to be limited, since the settlements produce only a small amount of largely agricultural exports. But the move is a symbolic expression of displeasure with Israel by some of its closest allies, and it offers a new sign of the Israeli government’s growing isolation as a result of the Gaza war.

Under Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu 's ultranationalist government, settlement construction in the West Bank — seized by Israel in the 1967 Mideast war — has surged. Netanyahu’s government views the West Bank as the biblical and historical homeland of the Jewish people and is opposed to the creation of a Palestinian state.

The international community overwhelmingly considers such construction to be illegal. Britain and other countries have voiced particular concern about the E1 settlement project approved by Israel, which would effectively cut the territory in two.

There have been marked increases in attacks by settlers on Palestinians, evictions from Palestinian towns, Israeli military operations and checkpoints that choke freedom of movement, as well as several Palestinian attacks on Israelis.

Britain's action was applauded by former Ireland President Mary Robinson and ex-New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark, both former U.N. officials. The two said the EU should follow suit.

“A coordinated international defense of the two-state solution is needed now more than ever,” they said. “Palestine must not be erased.”

A view of the the British Consulate in east Jerusalem after Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar announced that Israel would close the facility in response to U.K sanctions on Israeli settlements in the West Bank, Tuesday, Sept. 8, 2026. (AP Photo/Mahmoud Illean)

FILE - Britain's Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband speaks during a press conference in Madrid, Spain, on July 29, 2026. (Leon Neal/Pool Photo via AP, File)